<p>Larz Anderson Auto Museum is located in the Anderson Carriage House on the grounds of Larz Anderson Park in Brookline, Massachusetts and is the oldest collection of motorcars in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The museum is a non-profit educational institution with community events, lectures, childrens programs, walking tours of the park, and an ever-changing series of exhibits on motor vehicles and the automobiles impact on society and culture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The collection was begun by Larz Anderson and Isabel Weld Perkins soon after they married. In 1899 they purchased a true "horseless carriage" made by the Winton Motor Carriage Company. In the following decades, the Andersons purchased at least thirty-two new motorcars. Their collection also included twenty-four horse-drawn carriages and six sleighs.</p><br>
<p>As their cars became obsolete, the Andersons retired them to the Carriage House of their 64 acre estate in Greater Boston. By 1927, the Andersons opened the Carriage House to the public for tours of their vehicles. When Isabel Anderson died in 1948, she bequeathed her entire Brookline estate (including mansion, carriage house, and land) to the Town of Brookline. She stipulated in her will that the motorcar collection be known as the "Larz Anderson Collection," and that a non-profit be given stewardship of the collection.</p><br>
<h2>Carriage House</h2><br>
<p>The Carriage House which the museum occupies was designed by the Boston architect Edmund M. Wheelwright and completed in 1888. Its design was heavily influenced by the Château de Chaumont-sur-Loire in France. Gigantic in scale, the building stored carriages, housed horses, and served as home to stable staff who lived on the upper floor. Soon after the Andersons began collecting automobiles, they added a garage on the basement level for vehicle repair.</p><br>
<h2>Collection</h2><br>
<p>Of the original thirty-two motor vehicles, the following fourteen remain in the collection:</p><br>
<h2>Non-motorized transports</h2><br>
<p>In addition to some of the original horse-drawn carriages and sleighs owned by the Andersons or their Weld forebears, the museum is home to the vintage bicycle collection of Dr. Ralph W. Galen, a local cycling enthusiast.</p><br>
<h2>Events</h2><br>
<p>The museum sponsors a variety of activities throughout the year that attract enthusiasts of specific motor vehicles from throughout the Northeastern United States, many of whom arrive in their own rare vehicles to a gathering of like-minded hobbyists.</p><br>
<p>A sampling of these events include British Car Day, Cadillac Day, Corvette Day, German Car Day, Swedish Car Day, Antique Car Day, Tutto Italiano (an event specializing in Italian automobiles), Japanese Car Day, Miata Day, Micro Mini Day, Extinct Auto Day, and many more. A complete listing of the Lawn Events can be found on the museum&#39;s website (www.larzanderson.org).</p><br>
<p>The museum also attracts visitors with lectures on various subjects relating to transportation or local history, as well as musical entertainment in "The Carriage House Concert Series".</p><br>
<p>The museum began offering "rolling" events, which are organized drives for museum members and other automotive enthusiasts. There have been both overnight events, in which participants travel together and stay overnight in a hotel or inn, as well as single-day events, that originate in the greater Boston area and take members to a destination, usually within 2 to 2.5 hours in distance.</p><br>
<h2>Library</h2><br>
<p>The Library and Archives at Larz Anderson Auto Museum are devoted to materials relating automobile, racing and motor transportation history. There are also some documents related to carriages, motorcycles and bicycles. The facility also houses an extensive archival holding of Packard Motor Company materials.</p><br>
<p>The library is a repository for information related to the state and to the Andersons themselves, including a collection of books, plays, and volumes of poetry authored by Isabel Anderson.</p><br>
<h2>Former history and holdings</h2><br>
<p>In 1971, in cooperation with the Veteran Motor Car Club of America, the Andersons carriage house became known as the Museum of Transportation, under the direction of Duncan Smith. Smith led a young, enthusiastic staff at this location for six years. He was especially proud of a multi-media presentation chronicling the invention and refinement of the bicycle; it was then the only world-class history of the bicycle on exhibit in the United States. The museums halls featured rotating exhibits of automobiles, motorcycles, carriages, and bicycles. The museum&#39;s collection of antique-auto newsreel footage broadened into a library of vintage movie comedies, displaying vehicles of the 1920s in motion. Museum visitors had the opportunity to see high-wheeled-bicycle demonstrations, and ride in a vintage-1937 fire engine named for Boston Pops conductor and firefighting-memorabilia enthusiast Arthur Fiedler.</p><br>
<p>The Museum of Transportation at Larz Anderson Park closed on December 31, 1977, and effected a partnership with The Childrens Museum of Boston. The museum reopened in 1979, sharing space with The Childrens Museum at Museum Wharf in downtown Boston, but the joint venture was short-lived and the antique-auto contingent returned to its Anderson Park home in the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>Since then the museum continues to showcase exceptional examples of vintage motor vehicles. While maintaining the most precious "gems" of the original Larz Anderson Auto Collection, the museum no longer has the following: 1905 Walter Tractor & Victoria Carriage, 1907 Walter Brougham, 1910 American Underslung (designed by Harry Stutz), 1913 Hudson 33, 1917 Ford Model T Estate Wagon, 1918 Dodge, 1920 Dodge Truck, 1920 Dodge Hackney, 1924 Dodge Sedan, 1928 Nash Advanced Six, 1930 Packard Limousine, 1931 REO Flying Cloud 6-21, 1936 Dodge Station Wagon, 1938 Dodge Express Truck, 1939 GMC Truck, 1940 Ford Deluxe Wagon, 1941 Packard Suburban, 1947 Pontiac Sedan and the 1948 Ford Super Deluxe Wagon.</p><br>
<p>The Embassy Theatre is a historic theatre building located on South Main Street in Lewistown, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania. It is a 1927 motion picture / vaudeville theatre, and is an excellent surviving example of theatre architecture of the 1920s. The original National Theatre building was built in 1916, and gutted in 1927 to be rebuilt as the Embassy. The front facade features eclectic Colonial Revival details. It has a rectangular marquee measuring 33 feet, 6 inches, by 10 feet, 6 inches, overall. The theatre closed in 1981, and is currently non operational and is undergoing restoration.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Andalusia is a historic home once owned by Southern American author Flannery OConnor. The estate is located in rural Georgia in Baldwin County, Georgia, approximately 4 mi northwest of Milledgeville. It comprises 544 acre, including the plantation house where OConnor wrote some of her last and best-known fiction.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land on which Andalusia was first built had in the mid-19th century been a working plantation of between 1,500 and 1,700 acres owned and operated by Joseph and Mary "Polly" Stovall. The plantation was worked by no less than 39 enslaved people owned by Stovall. After Polly Stovall&#39;s death, the estate was purchased at a public auction by sometime mayor of Milledgeville, Nathan Hawkins, and later sold to Col. Thomas Johnson of Kentucky in 1870. Hawkins had 100 enslaved people working the property, many of whom were sold at the auction block next to the Presbyterian Church in Milledgeville.</p><br>
<p>In 1951, Flannery O&#39;Connor returned to her home state of Georgia, where she had grown up, after being diagnosed with a form of lupus. She first lived in the family home of her mother, Regina, on Greene Street in Milledgeville, then owned by her uncles Louis and Bernard Cline. There, she finished her manuscript for her novel Wise Blood and, with her health improving, she moved with her mother to Andalusia, then still a working farm. She had visited the home every summer in her childhood. Her mother had jointly inherited the 544-acre property along with her brother Louis Cline from their uncle.</p><br>
<p>OConnor saw her time at Andalusia as a temporary place to restore her health, not as a permanent home, though her health still fluctuated. As she wrote to editor Robert Giroux, "I am up and around again now but wont be well enough to go back to Connecticut for some time." She hosted several visitors, including Jesuit priest Fr. James McCown, who became a close friend and spiritual mentor, and writer Katherine Anne Porter.</p><br>
<p>Even so, she sometimes felt isolated from the active literary culture which she hoped to join and lamented the boredom of her life at the farm: "This season we have had three peachickens hatch and have killed one rattlesnake. Otherwise nothing goes on around here." Nevertheless, she found her experience there was an influence on her writing. The bulk of her life&#39;s work was written there and several of her short stories are set in the area, including "The Displaced Person", which scholars identify as the one which closest resembles the farm. She died in the hospital in nearby Milledgeville in August, 1964.</p><br>
<h2>Modern history</h2><br>
<p>It is believed that novelist John Kennedy Toole attempted to visit the house shortly before his suicide in 1969, though the home was not then open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The home was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 and opened as a museum in 2003. The estate is currently maintained by The Andalusia Foundation, Inc.</p><br>
<p>In August 2017, the Georgia College and State University accepted the donation of Andalusia. Matthew Davis, director of the historic Old Governor&#39;s Mansion, said the university plans to restore and preserve the farm.</p><br>
<p>Andalusia Farm was designated a National Historic Landmark on February 24, 2022.</p><br>
<p>Haddington is a neighborhood in the West Philadelphia section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Its borders are defined as Haverford Avenue/Girard Avenue to the north, 52nd Street to the east, Market Street to the south, and 67th Street to the westernmost edge of the neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>It is a largely African American community of mostly two-story rowhouses with a large proportion of elderly residents and a high home-ownership rate. Near the intersection of Vine Street and 56th Street, new construction and community facilities were built in the 1970s thanks to the Haddington Leadership Organization.</p><br>
<p>Haddington&#39;s Historic District is located on the 6000 blocks of Market, Ludlow, and Chestnut Streets, showcasing colonial and classical revival styles of architecture built from 1909 to 1915. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Also listed on the National Register of Historic Places are the George L. Brooks School and Thomas Dunlap School.</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>The School District of Philadelphia operates public schools.</p><br>
<p>The Free Library of Philadelphia Haddington Branch serves Haddington.</p><br>
<p>The Manhattan Building is a 16-story building at 431 South Dearborn Street in Chicago, Illinois. It was designed by architect William Le Baron Jenney and constructed from 1889 to 1891. It is the oldest surviving skyscraper in the world to use a purely skeletal supporting structure. It is the sixth oldest surviving building in the city as well as the 30th oldest building in the state. The building was the first home of the Paymaster Corporation, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 16, 1976, and designated a Chicago Landmark on July 7, 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The distinctive bow windows provide light into the building&#39;s interior spaces, and the combination of a granite facade for the lower floors and brick facade for the upper stories helps lighten the load placed on the internal steel framework. The north and south walls of tile are supported on steel cantilevers that carry the load back to the internal supporting structure.</p><br>
<p>The versatility and strength of metal frame construction made the skyscraper possible, as evidenced by this structure, which reached the then-astounding height of 16 stories in 1891. The first to ever do so in America. Its architect, William LeBaron Jenney, was a pioneer in the development of tall buildings.</p><br>
<p>Blackbeards Castle is one of five National Historic Landmarks in the USA Virgin Islands. It is located in the city of Charlotte Amalie, on the island of St. Thomas. Erected in 1679 by the Danes as a watchtower to protect the harbor as well as Fort Christian, Blackbeards Castle was originally called Skytsborg . It is located at the highest point of Government Hill. Skytsborg served as a very effective vantage point for Danish soldiers to spot enemy ships. Fort Christian is at sea level, thus making it ideal for thwarting attackers with cannon fire; however, the fort itself did not provide an ideal view of incoming ships entering the harbor.</p><br>
<p>It was the centerpiece of a private residence for many years, and was turned into a hotel, but is no longer open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Connection to Blackbeard</h2><br>
<p>It is not known what year Skytsborg took on the name of Blackbeard&#39;s Castle, but the infamous Edward Teach, commonly known as Blackbeard, did sail the Caribbean waters in the early 18th century. It has become part of the lore of the island that he used the tower as a lookout for his own purposes of piracy.</p><br>
<p>Fifth Avenue High School is a defunct school located at 1800 Fifth Avenue in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania&#39;s Bluff neighborhood, United States.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1894 as a large Romanesque/Gothic Revival building, it served the Pittsburgh Public Schools until its closure in 1976. For over thirty years, the building sat empty, boarded up, and fenced off until it was eventually converted into other uses.</p><br>
<p>Fifth Avenue was the first fireproof school in Pennsylvania and was home to the Alpha chapter of the National Honor Society. Its colors were red and white, and the mascot was the Archer, so chosen because of the school&#39;s architecture and hallways filled with Gothic and Victorian arches lined with red and white tile.</p><br>
<p>Fifth Avenue was a dominant force in city sports, winning the state title in its last year open for basketball. The school served the Lower Hill District, while its main rival, Schenley High School, served the upper and middle Hill.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 and was listed as a Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation landmark in 1998 and a City of Pittsburgh landmark in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in 2009, it was converted into loft apartments by a Pittsburgh-based investor group. Construction on the project was completed in 2012. Numerous components of the structure, such as plaster ceilings in common areas, were saved, preserved, or reused in the renovations.</p><br>
<p>Among the school&#39;s notable alumni are former Mayor of Pittsburgh Sophie Masloff, Dapper Dan Charities founder and former Pittsburgh Post-Gazette sports editor Al Abrams, and forensic pathologist Cyril Wecht, who served as Coroner (later Medical Examiner) and a Commissioner of Allegheny County.</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>Virginia Proctor Powell Florence (1897–1991), American librarian</p><br>
<p>Jack Sack (1902–1980), American football player and coach</p><br>
<p>Rosella Kanarik (1909–2014), American mathematics professor and educator</p><br>
<p>Patricia Evelyn Wood Cummings (1935–2022), Black Nurse</p><br>
<p>Cyril Wecht (1931-2024), American forensic pathologist</p><br>
<p>The Minnesota Territorial Prison, later the Minnesota State Prison, was a prison in Stillwater, Minnesota, United States, in operation from 1853 to 1914. Construction of the prison began in 1851, shortly after Minnesota became a territory. The prison was replaced by the Minnesota Correctional Facility – Stillwater in nearby Bayport. Most of the original prisons structures were demolished in 1936, leaving only the 1853 Wardens House and a manual labor complex that had been constructed 1884–1898. The surviving factory buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 for having state-level significance in the themes of industry and social history. The historic site, long since unused, was destroyed by arson on September 3, 2002. It was formally delisted from the National Register in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Plans for Minnesotas first prison were proposed by Governor Alexander Ramsey in 1849 and federal funds were secured the following year. The Minnesota Territorial Prison was constructed within a ravine on the northern edge of Stillwater. The site was chosen for its convenient proximity to the St. Croix River and its steamboat landings, and because the marshy land would be cheap. The architect was Jacob Fisher and the contractor was the Jesse Taylor Company. The initial phase of construction between 1851 and 1853 resulted in the main prison building, the outer walls, and the wardens house overlooking the complex from the bluff to the south.</p><br>
<p>The prison opened in 1853. The first warden was Francis R. Delano, who had been involved in its construction through the Jesse Taylor Company. The facility instituted a prison library under his leadership, and by 1858 had a physician and chaplain on staff. In 1859 the prison began leasing penal labor, providing private businesses with property on site and convict workers. Classic black-and-white-striped prison uniforms were adopted in 1860, and the reduction of sentences for good conduct time in 1862. An inmate-published newspaper, The Prison Mirror, launched in 1887.</p><br>
<p>In 1890, in an attempt to reduce political favoritism in the contract labor system, the prison began its own manufacturing program. Twine was the initial product. The following years saw Minnesota&#39;s first appointment of professional penologists as wardens. This led to reforms such as a convict grading system and a school for prison education. Warden Henry Wolfer also decried the conditions of the old prison, which by then was overcrowded, damp, poorly ventilated, and infested with cockroaches and bedbugs. He succeeded in getting the Minnesota Legislature to authorize funds for a new facility as the first decade of the 20th century drew to a close.</p><br>
<h2>Closure and later history</h2><br>
<p>The prison closed in 1914 upon relocation to the new facility in Bayport. The manual labor facilities and the warden&#39;s house remained in use, however. The rest of the complex was demolished in 1936. Prisoners continued making twine at the old site into the 1970s, when the factory buildings were finally sold off. A dairy company operated out of them for decades, ultimately selling the property back to the city of Stillwater in 1996. There were hopes to convert the buildings into a hotel and conference center, but those plans fell through and the complex stood vacant. In 2002 a new set of developers was poised to renovate the site into apartments and condominiums.</p><br>
<p>However, on September 3, 2002, the three-story factory and a one-story warehouse were destroyed in a massive fire. Though the factory had a brick veneer, both buildings had internal wood frames. Fire departments from nearly a dozen cities responded, but flames were shooting over 100 ft into the air and suppression efforts shifted to protecting nearby buildings such as the Wardens House. A few days later two men in their early 20s from Saint Paul came forward to say they and a friend had entered the vacant complex on the 3rd to explore and look for evidence of haunting. The friend, 18-year-old Peter Weyandt, wandered off by himself and then insisted they leave in a hurry. Weyandt reportedly claimed on the ride back that hed started a fire, but his friends assumed he was joking until they got home and saw the news on TV. Weyandt was arrested and charged with second-degree arson. He stated that he&#39;d set a piece of cardboard on fire out of boredom. Weyandt pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 180 days in jail. No charges were filed against his companions.</p><br>
<p>Despite the fire, redevelopment plans for the site proceeded. In 2003 the $2.1 million sale was finalized for construction of the Terra Springs condominium complex. The adjacent residence of the prisons wardens is now operated by the Washington County Historical Society as the Wardens House Museum. It contains exhibits on the former prison, period decor from the wardens&#39; tenancy, and other aspects of Stillwater history.</p><br>
<h2>Notable inmates</h2><br>
<p>The prison was well known because it once housed Cole, Bob, and Jim Younger, accomplices of Jesse James in the James–Younger Gang.</p><br>
<p>The French Legation is a historic legation building in eastern Austin, Texas, built in 1841 to represent the French government in the new Republic of Texas.</p><br>
<p>It is among the oldest extant frame structures in Austin. The building and its surroundings were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1969. The French Legation is also a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark, a City of Austin Historic Landmark, and a Texas State Antiquities Landmark.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in the 1940s, the historic site and its buildings were managed and operated by the Daughters of the Republic of Texas as custodians for the State of Texas which holds title to the property. Operation was transferred to the Texas Historical Commission in 2017.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After Texas declared independence from Mexico in 1836, France was one of two countries (the other being the United States) to officially recognize Texas as an independent state. The Treaty of Amity, Navigation, and Commerce between the two countries formalized this recognition. On September 25, Paris dispatched, a secretary to the French Legation in Washington, to be the new chargé d&#39;affaires to the Republic of Texas, representing the King of France, Louis Philippe.</p><br>
<p>The legation structure was completed in 1841, approximately a half-mile (.8 km) east of the city center. Dubois gave multi-course dinner parties in the cabin he rented downtown as his mansion was built, and worked with legislators to bring French settlers to Texas. However, Count de Saligny&#39;s stay in Austin had been subject to conflict. Dubois and the inn-keeper Richard Bullock were enemies. His conflict with Austinites even came to blows in the so-called 1841 Pig War, when his butler killed several havoc-wreaking pigs belonging to Bullock and was in turn assaulted by Bullock.</p><br>
<p>After the young nations capital was temporarily moved to Washington-on-the-Brazos in 1842 during the Archive War, Dubois house was abandoned. The French government recalled Count de Saligny in 1846, when Texas was annexed by the United States.</p><br>
<p>The mansion was later occupied by John Mary Odin, first Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Galveston, and then Moseley Baker, a veteran of the Texas Revolution, in 1847. Dr. Joseph W. Robertson bought the estate from Baker, and generations of his family resided there until 1940.</p><br>
<p>During his time in Austin, Dubois held at least three slaves. The Robertson family owned at least nine slaves at their property, using them to supply food and to perform household chores.</p><br>
<p>The state of Texas purchased the site from Robertson&#39;s heirs in 1945. At that time, the state placed the property in the custody of the Daughters of the Republic of Texas (DRT), who established the French Legation Museum in 1949. The DRT restored the legation building and grounds in a manner similar to other house museums in the mid-twentieth century. The collection included few original objects, and the interior finishes chosen during the restoration conflicted with later paint analysis. The site opened to the public on April 5, 1956.</p><br>
<p>The view of the Texas State Capitol from the front porch of the French Legation is one of the Capitol View Corridors protected under state and local law from obstruction by tall buildings since 1983. Since the mid 1990s, the professional staff has worked to include the surrounding East Austin community in its programs and interpretation.</p><br>
<p>Knox&#39;s Headquarters State Historic Site, in the town of New Windsor in Orange County, New York, consists of the Georgian house of the Ellison family, built in 1754 by immigrant William Bull of Hamptonburgh, NY, and the grounds around it. The site is located on Old Forge Hill Road, just south of Route 94 east of Vails Gate.</p><br>
<p>Although most closely associated with Founding Father Henry Knox, who used it as his headquarters as the Revolutionary War drew to a close in the early 1780s, it was used as a general&#39;s headquarters throughout most of the war, by Nathanael Greene and Horatio Gates.</p><br>
<p>The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1972. While owned by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation the Ellison House is administered and operated by the Palisades Interstate Park Commission, like many other state parks and historic sites in the mid and lower Hudson region.</p><br>
<p>Today, the house can be toured when the site is open. It is used to educate visitors about how 18th-century families such as the Ellisons actually lived. On holidays and special occasions staff dress in reproduction period clothing and give special events. Staff dressed as the 2nd Continental Artillery frequently demonstrate cannon use on the grounds during special events, as Knox was best known for his command of Continental artillery.</p><br>
<p>The house and its grounds were the setting and subject of the childrens haunted-house novel Buried Treasure: A Tale of an Old House (1919), by the best-selling childrens author Henry Everett McNeil. The book is illustrated with McNeil&#39;s own photographs (made circa 1911 or 1912) of the various buildings and bridge at the Knox site.</p><br>
<p>The Jane Colden Plant Sanctuary along some of the trails in the nearby woods memorializes America&#39;s first female botanist, who also resided in the area.</p><br>
<p>The Zachary Taylor House, also known as Springfield, was the boyhood home of the 12th president of the United States, Zachary Taylor. Located in what is now a residential area of Louisville, Kentucky, Taylor lived there from 1785 to 1808, held his marriage there in 1810, and returned there periodically the rest of his life.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Zachary Taylors father, Colonel Richard Taylor, purchased a 400 acre farm on the Muddy Fork of Beargrass Creek in 1785, while Zachary was eight months old. They initially lived in a log cabin on the property. Commencing in June, 1792, after participating in the constitutional convention that made Kentucky a state, Col. Taylor built a two-story brick house on the land that he purchased from Isaac Shelby. He sold that house to George Rudy on Dec. 1, 1795. During that time, Richard Taylor built a second house at the highest point on his property, dubbing it "Springfield". By 1800 Richard Taylor purchased an additional three hundred acres, making his property 700 acre in total. The property was adjacent to Locust Grove, the farm where George Rogers Clark lived from 1809 until his death in 1818. Before he began his military career in 1808, Zachary Taylor lived thirteen years in the house. He would later return to the house to be married on June 18, 1810, and have five of his six children born in the house. In 1829 the house was sold upon Richard Taylors death, due to debts he had acquired. After his death in 1850, Zachary Taylor was buried in the family cemetery located on the property. This later became the original section of Zachary Taylor National Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Much of the original Taylor property remained together until the 1950s, when it was divided. Of the original 400 acre, the Taylor property is only 3/4 of an acre in size.</p><br>
<p>During the Super Outbreak of tornadoes on April 3–4, 1974, Springfield suffered major wind and water damage, including the two porches and the roof being blown off.</p><br>
<p>There have been attempts to make the house a National Historic Site, but these attempts have failed due to the required demolition of surrounding buildings needed to make it a National Historic Site.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Springfield is a -story Georgia Colonial red brick L-shaped house. The western section of the house is the oldest, built around 1795. The eastern section was built between 1810 and 1830. It features a gable roof, a double-parlor, and fireplaces in each room. It was constructed by Richard Taylor and the slaves he owned.</p><br>
<p>After the Taylors left, major additions included two Victorian porches, an altering of a staircase&#39;s direction, and the eaves improved with a bracketed cornice. Two bathrooms were added to the first floor in the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The Fillmore House, or Millard Fillmore House, is a historic house museum at 24 Shearer Avenue in East Aurora in Erie County, New York. Built in 1826, it was from then until 1830 the residence of the 13th president of the United States, Millard Fillmore. Moved twice and significantly altered, it is the only surviving building other than the White House associated with Fillmore&#39;s life. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1974. The house is owned by the Aurora Historical Society and has been decorated with period furnishings. As of 2022, it is open for tours by reservation only.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Fillmore House stands on the east side of Shearer Avenue north of Main Street, west of the village center of East Aurora. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. A shed-roof porch with round columns extends across the three-bay front facade. A brick chimney rises on the right side, and a series of single-story ells, not original to the building, extend to the rear. The building is not architecturally distinguished.</p><br>
<p>Millard Fillmore built this house in 1826 on a property on Main Street. Fillmore had just married, and established a law practice with an office (no longer extant) across the road. Fillmores son was born in this house before the Fillmores moved to Buffalo in 1830. After the Fillmore occupancy, the building had multiple owners and multiple additions made to it. In 1915, it was moved further back on its original lot to make room for a theater. At that site it was abandoned and fell into decay until 1930, when it was rescued by Margaret and Irving Price. They moved the original core of the building to its current location and oversaw its restoration for use as a home and artists studio for Margaret. It was acquired by the Aurora Historical Society in 1975, and restored in appearance to the period of Fillmore&#39;s ownership.</p><br>
<p>The Franklin Pierce Homestead is a historic house museum and state park located in Hillsborough, New Hampshire. It was the childhood home of the 14th president of the United States, Franklin Pierce.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The house is located on the east side of Washington Road (New Hampshire Route 31), about 100 yards north of its intersection with New Hampshire Route 9, on a 13 acre property in the Lower Village area of Hillsborough. It is a two-story hip-roofed wood frame structure whose main block was built in 1804. There are two entries, one on the west (street-facing) facade and one on the south facade. Both are topped by five-light transom windows, and flanked by pilasters which support an entablature and triangular pediment. A two-story wing was added to the rear of the house, probably later in the 19th century. Attached to this wing are a small wellhouse, and a single-story shed connecting the house to a gable-roofed barn.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the main block has four rooms in the first floor, organized around a central hall and stairs. The parlor is to the left, and the dining room to the right. The kitchen is behind the dining room, and the master bedroom is behind the parlor. On the second floor, the front of the house is taken up by a full-width ballroom, while the back has two bedrooms, each with a dressing room. All of the rooms of the main block were originally decorated with stenciling, some of which has survived. The wing contains a kitchen and laundry below, and bedrooms (presumably for servants) above.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The home was built in 1804 by the future presidents father, Benjamin Pierce, who had served during the American Revolution and would later become governor of New Hampshire. Benjamin Pierce bought 200 acre in the Lower Village area of Hillsborough after the new state turnpike opened nearby. In addition to the home, he also built a tavern here. After Benjamin Pierces death in 1839, the property was transferred to his son-in-law John McNeil Jr., a general during the War of 1812. McNeil had married Pierce&#39;s daughter Elizabeth, whose house next door was built in 1807 and is today known as the Elizabeth Pierce House, an antique shop.</p><br>
<p>The home is one of Franklin Pierces probable places of birth, the other now lying beneath the nearby impoundment of Franklin Pierce Lake. Pierce lived at the homestead until 1834 when he married, with the exception of a seven-year span spent away for school, college, and law study. He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1824, as the young Pierce and his friends were supporting Andrew Jackson for President, and returned to the family home in Hillsborough to study law. He moved to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in the Spring of 1825 to work in the law office of Levi Woodbury. In March 1828, Pierce returned to Hillsborough and made his first formal political appearance to assist his fathers campaign for governor at a town meeting. He returned to the family homestead in 1834 when he married Jane Appleton. Jane was never comfortable in Hillsborough, and the Pierces moved to Concord, New Hampshire, while Franklin was then serving in the state legislature, where they lived in a rented house while he established a new law partnership.</p><br>
<p>On August 19, 1852, the town hosted a mass meeting and rally for Pierce&#39;s presidential campaign which drew an estimated 25,000 people with speeches and food. At the end of his single term, Pierce returned temporarily to the family homestead in June 1857.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation and current use</h2><br>
<p>The home remained in the Pierce family until 1925, when it was donated to the state of New Hampshire. It underwent restoration and renovation in the 1940s and the 1960s. The barn has been converted to a welcome center with displays and artifacts. The home is operated by the New Hampshire Bureau of Historic Sites.</p><br>
<p>The Tokeland Hotel and Restaurant is Washington State’s oldest resort hotel located at 2964 Kindred Ave in Tokeland, Washington. In 1978, the hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Tokeland Hotel is situated on a peninsula with the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Willapa Bay to the south and east.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>George H. Brown (November 4, 1824 - July 5, 1883), a Philadelphian born California gold seeker turned Portland butcher, was one of the first to settle on Toke Point when he came with his wife Charlotte Norris (? - June 22, 1891) and their two sons, Albert and Leonidas, in 1858. Among the Shoalwater Bay tribe, the Browns homesteaded 1400 acres of land, kept livestock, raised crops, and traded with locals. Their first daughter, Elizabeth "Lizzie" Brown grew up on Toke Point speaking both English and Chinook.</p><br>
<p>By November 24, 1880, Lizzie Brown married William Kindred and they purchased land from the Browns. In 1885 they completed the two-story wood frame farmhouse, with a gabled roof and brick fireplace built into the north wall, that would become the original structure of the Tokeland Hotel.</p><br>
<h3>The Kindred Inn, Post Office, and General Store</h3><br>
<p>On August 22, 1894 the Tokeland post office opened with a postmark bearing Tokeland, thus officially naming the town at Toke Point.</p><br>
<p>In 1899, the Kindreds built a two-story addition which gave the structure an L shape and opened to the public as the Kindred Inn. Shortly thereafter the name was changed to Tokeland Hotel, in honor of the Shoalwater Bay Tribe&#39;s Chief Toke, for whom Toke Point was also named.</p><br>
<p>From 1899 to 1915, William and Lizzie Kindred operated the general store out of the hotel and on December 9, 1898, William Kindred became the third Tokeland Postmaster, a role in which he served until March 5, 1915.</p><br>
<p>In 1910, an additional wing was constructed, effectively giving the Tokeland Hotel the C shape that it has today. According to the National Register for Historic Places, around this time the Tokeland Hotel also received gas lighting and a second fireplace.</p><br>
<p>More renovations were completed between 1920 and 1930, including new interiors and plumbing. The Kindreds also replaced gas with electricity and extended the central dining area on the east side of the building.</p><br>
<p>The hotels facilities grew over the years and included a golf club house (later to become Capts Tavern), a gun club and a nine-hole golf course as well.</p><br>
<h3>Links Golf Course and Capt&#39;s Tavern</h3><br>
<p>"Golf was a natural development for Tokeland. Not only were the grounds ideal for links-style golf, but a ready-made clientele of merchants, bankers, lumber barons and professional people who had the leisure time to play formed the basis of a regular summer colony" - Victory "Chub" VaughnThe mid-1890s Northwest coast had an active golf scene. As early as 1910, there is evidence of visitors to the Tokeland Hotel bringing their own clubs and balls with them to play makeshift golf on the property.</p><br>
<p>By 1920, Maude Kindred and Ralph Harrington put in a formal nine-hole golf course just north of the hotel with tees, greens and hazards, perhaps with the help of nationally known golfer and golf architect Walter Fovargue, who lived near the Tokeland Hotel and actively played there between 1918 and 1930.</p><br>
<p>The Tokeland Hotel served as the golf clubhouse until 1929, when a boarded-up pool hall one mile east of the hotel near the old dock was rolled on planks pulled by two teams of horses to the Tokeland Hotel property, becoming the new clubhouse.</p><br>
<p>On April 9, 1933, after additions had been made, Maude Kindred opened the clubhouse as Capt&#39;s Tavern.</p><br>
<h3>Early tourism</h3><br>
<p>The lumber industry around Willapa Bay and Grays Harbor helped develop Tokeland, which was known all the way to California for its fresh oysters, razor clams, crab and fish.</p><br>
<p>Vacationers from Seattle or Portland would travel by train to South Bend and then catch a ride on Captain A.W. Reeds steamers Reliable (launched in 1902) and Shamrock (added to Reeds fleet in 1906). Disembarking at the Tokeland dock, a horse drawn bus driven by William Kindred would take visitors the rest of the way to the Tokeland Hotel.</p><br>
<h3>Natural disasters and The Great Depression</h3><br>
<p>Between ocean storms and tornados that ravaged the peninsula between 1930 and 1934 and the Great Depression, Tokeland had difficulty recovering. While Tokeland Hotel survived, albeit damaged, many of the businesses that had shaped Tokeland’s tourist culture from the turn of the century were lost.</p><br>
<p>During these hard times, Lizzie and William hosted a celebration for their Golden Anniversary at the Tokeland Hotel. One year later in 1931, Lizzie died.</p><br>
<p>Maude ran the business and cared for William until 1939 when she also died. William Kindred, having no heirs to pass the property to, willed everything to the family&#39;s long-time caretaker and friend, Effie Reinkins. When William passed in 1943 it marked the end of the Kindred era of the Tokeland Hotel.</p><br>
<h3>Food and lodgings</h3><br>
<p>The Tokeland Hotel contains thirty rooms, each with one large window. There are eighteen sleeping rooms on the second floor which are open to lodgers.</p><br>
<p>During the Kindred years, Lizzie Kindred kept the parlor of the Tokeland Hotel decorated with a collection of beads and baskets, received as personal gifts over the years by friends and travelers. This collection was later donated to the University of Washington.In 1910, the Tokeland Hotel was famous for its cuisine of superb seafood and fresh produce from the Kindreds&#39; backyard.</p><br>
<p>"The food was famous. The Kindred farm raised its own poultry and beef. The Indians kept the hotel supplied with freshly dug razor clams and prime crab. And the family remained in the oyster business even after the native oysters diminished and were replaced in 1899 by Eastern oyster plantings, and in the 1930s by the Japanese strains. Charlotte Brown, Lizzie Kindred, Lucy Carter, Effie Reinkins - housekeepers for half a century, were famous for their cooking."The three decades that Katherine and Scott White ran the hotel (1989-2018), the Tokeland Hotel featured homemade blueberry pancakes and cranberry pot roast in the evening as well as an assortment of specialty pies.</p><br>
<p>The current owners, Seattle restaurateurs Heather Earnhardt and Zac Young, offer a rotating breakfast, lunch and dinner menu continuing to feature Tokelands fresh seafood and the hotels signature Cranberry Pot Roast."It’s “Big Food Big Love,” as the title of 2016 cookbook puts it — including her famous fried chicken at breakfast, lunch and dinner. As befits historical Pacific Northwest coastal lodging — and as Earnhardt and Young befriend local, independent sources — there are oysters, Dungeness crab and more, fresh from right around the bay."</p><br>
<h3>Local lore</h3><br>
<p>The Tokeland Hotel lists on its website Rooms 4 and 7 as Haunted Rooms and enthusiasts have regularly visited the Tokeland Hotel to test for paranormal activity.</p><br>
<p>One of several ghosts said to haunt the premises is known as "Charley", an illegal immigrant from mainland China smuggled into the US to work on the railroads in the early 1900s. Having jumped ship and swam ashore, Charley fled the smugglers pursuing him. The Kindreds are said to have offered Charley a hiding place behind the parlor fireplace. But while waiting for the coast to clear, Charley died of suffocation and roams the hallways and sometimes spins dinner plates at the restaurant. "Im leaving with a sense that there are a lot of secrets hidden in the walls. I do feel like somethings happened here" - Teresa Carol, clairvoyantOn the grounds of the Tokeland Hotel the headstones of Lizzie Kindred&#39;s half brothers can be found, brought over from the Cedar River cemetery as it was being washed away. One belongs to Albert Brown (April 1, 1856 - May 1, 1866) who, stuck in the mud in Teal Duck Slough, drowned as the tide came in when Lizzie Kindred was only three. The other belongs to Leonidus Norris (April 18, 1849 - April 8, 1873) who died in a shooting accident at 24.</p><br>
<p>10-year old Albert is rumored to haunt the halls of the hotel. Guests have also reported feeling a ghost cat pad across their bed.</p><br>
<p>Fort Buford was a United States Army Post at the confluence of the Missouri and Yellowstone rivers in Dakota Territory, present day North Dakota, and the site of Sitting Bull&#39;s surrender in 1881.</p><br>
<p>Company C, 2nd Battalion, 13th Infantry, 3 officers, 80 enlisted men and 6 civilians commanded by Capt. (Brevet Lt. Col.) William G. Rankin, first established a camp on the site on June 15, 1866, with orders to build a post, the majority of which was built using adobe and cottonwood enclosed by a wooden stockade. The fort was named after the late Major General John Buford, a Union Army cavalry general during the American Civil War.</p><br>
<h2>Lakota attacks</h2><br>
<p>The second night after arrival the camp was attacked by a band of the Hunkpapa Lakota led by Sitting Bull, they were driven off with one soldier wounded. The next day, the same group attacked and attempted to drive off the company&#39;s herd of beef cattle, but were repulsed and two Lakota killed. Parties of men cutting and rafting logs from the mouth of the Yellowstone were often attacked and driven to camp, where the fighting often lasted from two to six hours with losses on both sides.</p><br>
<h3>Hard winter</h3><br>
<p>Three civilian wood cutters were killed at the mouth of the Yellowstone in December. Lieut. Hiram H. Ketchum with sixty men reacted, drove off the Indians and recovered the bodies with slight loss to his detachment. According to the regimental history, the Lakota boasted that they intended to annihilate the soldiers and during the winter they besieged the post. The siege cut off the garrison from the nearby Missouri River and forced them to sink shallow wells near their quarters in order to obtain fresh water. The shallow well water they drank was contaminated, by the posts livestock and/or human waste, and caused dysentery. From December 21–24 a large group of the Hunkpapas repeatedly attacked and captured the posts ice house and sawmill located near the river and opened fire on the post. The attackers were not repelled until Rankin ordered his two 12 pound Napoleons to return fire. Captain Rankin&#39;s wife spent the winter in camp, enduring the hardships and dangers with the troops in garrison.</p><br>
<h3>Massacre hoax</h3><br>
<p>The harassing raids and resulting lack of communication from the isolated post led to the perpetration of a hoax, the "Fort Buford Massacre", purporting that the fort had been wiped out, Capt. Rankin captured and tortured to death, and Rankin&#39;s wife captured and abused. The episode began when the Philadelphia Inquirer ran a story April 1, 1867, based on a letter allegedly written from the fort, which was then picked up and run the next day nationwide. It was given "legs" by a letter published April 6 in the Army and Navy Journal, attributed to the wife of a prominent Army officer, confirming the massacre. Although by April 4 many newspapers had begun to question the validity of the report, The Chicago Daily Times, Detroit Free Press, New York Daily Tribune, The New York Times, and Boston Herald, among others, continued to feed the rumors with further stories for another month, many of them accusing the Army and the Johnson Administration of covering up the massacre. The hoax was eventually exposed by Rankin himself in correspondence to the war department.</p><br>
<p>Although the general harassing by the Lakota of Fort Buford lasted until the early 1870s, the worst was during that first year, June 1866 to May 1867. In May, the Missouri River thawed allowing the sternwheeler steamboat Graham to reinforce the garrison with additional riverboats arriving in June carrying Companies B, F, G, and part of E thereby enabling the garrison to better defend itself and allow for more permanent structures to be built.</p><br>
<h2>Construction phases</h2><br>
<p>With the arrival of Companies B, F, G, and E, Fort Buford was expanded in 1867–1868 from the original 1866 one-company 360-foot square frontier stockade to a 540 x 1,080 feet 5 company fort with only three walls towards the West, North, and East. The South side, while not being walled off, was enclosed by the long portion of a reverse "L" of adobe barracks buildings and the Missouri River towards the South served as a natural moat. The reconstructed barracks on the site today is on the location of where the original that formed the short leg of the "L" was. In 1867, old Fort Union, A fur trading post dating back to 1829 and located 2 miles away by land, 7 by river, was bought by the Army and parts of it were demolished and used at Fort Buford during this construction phase. The reason being that the wood there had 30 years worth of age and was of superior quality to the green cottonwood available along the Yellowstone and Missouri Rivers where the only native wood grew.</p><br>
<p>The post was expanded again in 1871–1872 with the arrival of Colonel William B. Hazens 6th Infantry Regiment to a six-company infantry post covering approximately a square mile, including laundress quarters and other civilian areas, using lumber shipped from the Eastern United States by steamboat but with no stockade. At that time the fighting had moved further westward into Montana Territory and the garrison was large enough to no-longer need the perimeter stockade. The original Commanding Officers Quarters at the site today was part of this expansion and originally built in 1871–1872 and served as Hazens residence from 1872–1880. This structure sits at the southern end of what once was a double row of Officers Quarters that ran towards the North. Beyond this double row the stone Powder Magazine was built in 1875 out of sandstone quarried from an area located to the North of the fort. When in use the magazine held over a million rounds of ammunition for the forts garrison, much of it being black powder cartridges one of which was the.45-70. At this time Fort Buford became a key element in the supply route for the military campaigns of 1876–1877 in Montana Territory. At the peak of occupation, which followed the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876 until 1881, there were just under 100 buildings and approximately 1,000 people occupying the post at any given moment including infantry and cavalry companies bivouacking in tents on the parade ground while being resupplied.</p><br>
<p>Following the 1871–1872 expansion there were several improvements to the fort. In 1873–1874 the 6 adobe barracks from the 1867–1868 expansion were rehabilitated in order to stabilize their crumbling adobe, this was done by adding wood sheathing to the outside of the building protecting it from the weather as well as plastering the interior and replacing the sod roof with a new lighter roof covered with tar and gravel. At the same time, the kitchen and mess hall for each barracks was relocated from the main building to a new addition connected by a short hallway. This new addition was built using the same quality lumber from the Eastern States as used in the other buildings of the 1871–1872 expansion, the existing reconstruction represents what the original building would have looked like in 1876. By 1880 however, all of the remaining adobe barracks buildings were collapsing, with a few having already collapsed and forcing the men to bivouac in tents on the parade ground. By 1881, the adobe structures were torn down and replaced with wooden structures relocated to the eastern side of the parade ground. In 1883, the Commanding Officers Quarters bay window was pushed out to the South adding on two rooms to the structure.</p><br>
<p>In 1889, the last of the expansions took place. A much larger Commanding officers Quarters was built on the northern end of Officers Row replacing the 1872 Hazen Quarters which then became the Field Officer&#39;s Quarters. A water tower was built towards the river and attempts were made at installing water mains to the structures. The attempt failed however, because they could not bury the pipes deep enough to keep them from freezing every Winter with the last attempt at 8 feet.</p><br>
<p>The remoteness of the post, poor quality of its original construction, and age resulted in the fort&#39;s deterioration with many of the original adobe and cottonwood structures constantly in a state of collapse due to unskilled labor, the elements, and poor construction methods when built.</p><br>
<h2>Indian village</h2><br>
<p>Around 1870, the garrison received unexpected newcomers. They were Hidatsa and Mandan Indians from the joint settlement Like-a-Fishhook Village nearly 100 miles further downstream in the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation. From 150 to 200 migrants, led by Bobtail Bull and Crow Flies High, founded a new settlement of mainly log cabins some two miles northwest of the fort. The Indian rebels were in conflict with the old village chiefs. Further, they fled the newly introduced reservation system.</p><br>
<p>Since the Hidatsas never had taken up arms against the USA Army, The very grounds for the separatists to settle this close to the military fort "was the greater protection from the Sioux" it offered to a small village.</p><br>
<p>Once in the 1880s, the scouts and the soldiers went to Bismarck, expecting problems with some reservation Sioux which never emerged. In peacetime, the Hidatsas carried military mail to places like Poplar and Glendive, Montana.</p><br>
<p>The Indian village in the Military Reservation lasted until 1884. Commanding officer J.N.G. Whistler closed the settlement due to a growing number of inhabitants, instances of prostitution and some begging at the fort.</p><br>
<h2>Decommissioning and the site as it is today</h2><br>
<p>Due to the settlement of the region and the poor condition of the post, Fort Buford was decommissioned by the Army on October 1, 1895. In 1896, all of the remaining structures were sold at auction to be either hauled away or torn down. All but 3 were moved: the 1872 Commanding Officers Quarters where Sitting Bull surrendered his rifle, the 1875 stone Powder Magazine, and a Duplex Officers Quarters. The Duplex was used as a residence and the much smaller Commanding Officer&#39;s Quarters was used as a guest house and later as a granary by the Mercer family and the grounds were called "Villa Militare" until the grounds were given to the State of North Dakota in 1927. The Duplex burned down destroying with it many artifacts in 1937. In the 1990s the former Officer of the Guard/Officer of the Day building was found being used as a pump house for the nearby irrigation canal and was relocated to its original location. In 2004, an example of an adobe barracks was built at the location of an original barracks that was there from 1867 to 1881. From archaeological findings at the site prior to its construction, it was determined that this particular barracks held Co. G 6th Infantry Regiment while the 6th Infantry was stationed at the post from 1871 to 1880. Of the approximately 1 square mile sized fort only 40 acres is currently owned by the state of North Dakota. Today the North Dakota State Historical Society runs Fort Buford as Fort Buford State Historic Site.</p><br>
<p>The Chester A. Arthur Home was the residence of the 21st president of the United States, Chester A. Arthur , both before and after his four years in Washington, D.C., while serving as vice president and then as president. It is located at 123 Lexington Avenue, between 28th and 29th Streets in Rose Hill, Manhattan, New York City. Arthur spent most of his adult life living in the residence. While Vice President, Arthur retreated to the house after the July 2, 1881 shooting of President James Garfield. Arthur was in residence here when Garfield died on September 19, and took the presidential oath of office in the building.</p><br>
<h2>Site</h2><br>
<p>The Chester A. Arthur Home is located at 123 Lexington Avenue, in the Murray Hill or Rose Hill neighborhood of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. It sits between 29th Street to the north and 28th Street to the south, facing Lexington Avenue to the west from a frontage of 21.83 ft. The building site covers a lot area of 1,747 ft&sup2, with a depth of 80 ft between Lexington Avenue and Third Avenue. Nearby landmarks include the Madison Avenue Baptist Church and New York School of Applied Design for Women to the north, the Church of Our Lady of the Scapular–St. Stephen to the east, the William and Anita Newman Library and 69th Regiment Armory to the south, and the Emmet Building to the west.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Chester A. Arthur Home is a five-story masonry structure with Romanesque Revival styling. It is three bays wide, and has an elaborate cornice, which obscures its low-pitch or flat roof. Windows on the upper three floors are set in segmented arch openings, with splayed stone lintels and bracketed sills. The lower two floors have been converted into a retail space, with a modernized storefront, and the upper floors have been converted to apartments. The interior of the house has relatively little historic integrity.</p><br>
<p>Chester Alan Arthur moved to New York City in 1848, where he engaged in the practice of law, and in Republican Party politics. He rose in the citys Republican machine to become Collector of the Port of New York, a major patronage post. He was chosen to be James Garfields running mate in the 1880 election, and became president after Garfield died on September 19, 1881, from wounds incurred in an assassination attempt eleven weeks earlier. Arthur took the oath of office in this house, and retired to it after his term ended in 1885. He died here the following year.</p><br>
<p>The house was later purchased by William Randolph Hearst. It has since undergone many changes. Today, the building houses Kalustyan&#39;s, an Indian and Middle Eastern grocery store, on the first two floors, and apartments on the top three.</p><br>
<p>Arthurhome.jpgThe Residence of Chester A. Arthur, 1976</p><br>
<p>123-lexington.jpgA closer view of Chester A. Arthur House, 2007</p><br>
<p>Chester Alan Arthurs House.jpeg123 Lexington Avenue during Chester Arthurs days</p><br>
<p>The J.P. Schneider Store is a historic commerce building in downtown Austin, Texas built in 1873. Built along Second Street, the structure is the only remaining historic building in the immediate vicinity and is today surrounded by Austin City Hall and the headquarters of Silicon Labs.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979., Lamberts Downtown Barbeque is housed in the space.</p><br>
<p>Mobile National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Mobile, Alabama. It encompasses 5.2 acre, and as of the end of 2005, had 5,326 interments. It is an annex to the larger Magnolia Cemetery. Mobile National Cemetery is administered by Barrancas National Cemetery in Pensacola, Florida, and is currently closed to new interments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mobile National Cemetery was established in 1865, when Union troops occupied the city of Mobile after the Battle of Mobile Bay, during the Civil War. Initially, casualties of the battle were interred in a section of the city owned Magnolia Cemetery, but they quickly had a need for more space and a plot of 3 acre was granted to the Army by the city in 1866. By 1871, the cemetery had 841 interments, mostly soldiers whose remains were moved from other nearby battlefield sites.</p><br>
<p>Mobile National Cemetery was listed, along with the rest of Magnolia Cemetery, on the National Register of Historic Places on 13 June 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Notable monuments</h2><br>
<p>The 76th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment Monument was erected in 1892 by the survivors of the Battle of Fort Blakeley.</p><br>
<p>The Confederate Fortification Monument, a granite monument, was erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy in 1940.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Private First Class John Dury New (1924–1944), US Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipient for action in World War II in the Palau Islands.</p><br>
<p>The Titusville Commercial District  is a USA historic district in Titusville, Florida. It is bounded by Julia Street, Hopkins Avenue, Main Street, and Indian River Avenue, encompasses approximately 60 acre, and contains 21 historic buildings. On January 10, 1990, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places. It is currently debatable whether or not it is Titusville&#39;s main commercial district anymore, as an area in south Titusville near the intersection of SR 50  and State Road 405  close to I-95  has much more major shopping and dining than Downtown Titusville.</p><br>
<p>Westland Mansion was the home of Grover Cleveland, the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, from his retirement in 1897 until his death in 1908. The house is located in the historic district of Princeton, New Jersey, and is a National Historic Landmark also known as the Grover Cleveland Home.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built by Robert F. Stockton in 1856. The National Park Service describes the original house, patterned after Morven (a nearby 18th-century mansion also owned by Robert Stockton) as a "2-1/2-story, stone structure covered with stucco painted yellow, twin parlors on the first floor, spacious rooms, high ceilings, and handsome marble mantelpieces."</p><br>
<p>Stockton, who hailed from a prominent political family, was a United States Senator and naval commodore, notable for the capture of California during the Mexican–American War. Stocktons grandfather, Judge Richard Stockton, was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. The original structure consisted of a three-story main residence on roughly 4.5 acres of expansive lawns and fruit orchards. Later, a small wing extending from the rear of the residence was added to house servants quarters and stables. The wing extension is now a separate home and is separated by a wall at the back of the house. Westland was originally entered from a stone roadway off of Bayard Lane (now Route 206). Nicely kept paths intersected the broad lawn, which was shaded by an assortment of massive pines. At the rear of the house was an orchard of pear and cherry trees and a dovecote to house pigeons and doves.</p><br>
<p>Purchased by Cleveland after his second term as president in 1896, the former chief executive lived there from 1897 until his death in 1908. Cleveland named it "Westland" in honor of his friend Andrew Fleming West, a humanities professor at Princeton University who assisted Cleveland in securing the purchase of the home. During Clevelands occupancy several changes were made to the residence. He added a two-story extension to the right side of the home, with the lower floor serving as his billiard room. Cleveland also made some cosmetic changes to the buildings façade in the Italianate style popular at the time.</p><br>
<p>Cleveland enjoyed his retirement at Westland. Although he had never attended college, he accepted a seat on the Board of Trustees of Princeton University, a position he took seriously, chairing a committee to establish a graduate school. He gave a series of four well-attended lectures at the university, which were later published as a book. The students were fond of Cleveland, serenaded him on his birthdays and, after football games, led victory parades to his home. He also took an active part in the life of the town, maintained a brisk correspondence with friends, and kept socially and politically active. His favorite recreations were billiards and meetings of the Poverty Club, composed of a group of his comrades who played cards regularly at Westland. He died at Westland in 1908 and is buried in Princeton Cemetery. Cleveland&#39;s widow, Frances, continued to reside in the house for many years after his death.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>Always a privately owned residence, the renovated building currently sits on one and a half acres. The 6,345 square foot three-level house is described as having 6 bedrooms and 5 baths, a formal entry, and dining and living rooms that still contain trim from Cleveland&#39;s time there. The grounds include a formal garden, pool and garage. In 2015, it sold for $4,325,000. It is not open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The Woodrow Wilson House was the residence of the 28th president of the United States, Woodrow Wilson after he left office. It is at 2340 S Street NW just off Washington, D.C.&#39;s Embassy Row. On February 3, 1924, Wilson died in an upstairs bedroom. The National Trust for Historic Preservation owns the house and operates it as a museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built by Henry Fairbanks in 1915 on a design by prominent masonic Washington architect Waddy Wood. President Woodrow Wilson bought it in the last months of his second term as President of the United States as a gift to his wife, Edith Bolling Wilson. He presented her the deed in December 1920, although he had never seen the house. The former president and his wife moved into the home on Inauguration Day, which in 1921 was March 4 (not the current date of January 20). Wilson made several modifications to the house, including a billiard room, stacks for his library of over 8,000 books, and a one-story brick garage.</p><br>
<p>It was from the balcony of the house that Wilson addressed a crowd on November 11, 1923, as his last public appearance.</p><br>
<p>After Wilson&#39;s death in 1924, many of the books inside the house were donated to the Library of Congress. Edith Wilson lived in the residence until her death on December 28, 1961. She hosted First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy for a brunch in the formal dining room. Edith bequeathed the property and all of its original furnishings to the National Trust for Historic Preservation upon her death.</p><br>
<p>The Harding Home is a historic house museum at 380 Mount Vernon Avenue in Marion, Ohio. It was the residence of Warren G. Harding, 29th president of the United States. Harding and his future wife, Florence, designed the Queen Anne Style house in 1890, a year before their marriage. They were married there and lived there for 30 years before his election to the presidency.</p><br>
<p>Like James A. Garfield, an earlier USA president from Ohio, Harding conducted his election campaign mainly from the houses expansive front porch. During the 3 month front porch campaign, over 600,000 people traveled to the Harding Home to listen to Warren speak. George Christian (Warrens next door neighbor and Press Secretary) allowed his home to be used as Republican Headquarters for the campaign. In 1920, Harding built a small bungalow-style structure behind the Christian House so newspaper reporters had workspace to type their stories.</p><br>
<p>The house is surrounded by an expansive, elaborately detailed porch. Entry to the house is through a reception hall, with a parlor on the left. A dining room and Harding&#39;s office are also in the first floor. There are four bedrooms on the second floor and a bathroom. Built-in closets are an unusual feature for the time.</p><br>
<p>Mrs. Harding bequeathed the house to the Harding Memorial Association. The Ohio Historical Society now operates the home as a historic house museum and a memorial. The restored house contains almost all original furnishings owned by President Harding and his wife. The adjacent press house features exhibits about the lives of President and Mrs. Harding. The collection at the Harding Home is over 5,000 original artifacts that belonged to Warren and Florence Harding.</p><br>
<p>On April 12, 2016, "Harding 2020", a collaboration between Ohio History Connection, the Harding Home, and Marion Technical College, detailed plans to spend $7.3 million at the site to establish the Warren G. Harding Presidential Center. Plans include restoring the home (inside and out) and its grounds to its 1920 appearance. The culmination of the work was to coincide with the 100th anniversary of Harding&#39;s election to the presidency.</p><br>
<p>The Bay Shore Historic District  is a USA historic district  located in Miami, Florida. The district is bounded by Northeast 55th Street, Biscayne Boulevard, Northeast 60th Street and Biscayne Bay, in the Morningside section of the Upper Eastside neighborhood. It contains 223 historic buildings.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Bay Shore Investment Company developed the bay-front tract in three phases from 1922 to 1924. Bay Shore was notable for it level of development before lots were sold. Streets were paved, landscaping and street lighting were in place. The development grew during Miami&#39;s boom years in the 1920s and even during the Depression, but its greatest growth was between 1936 and 1942, until the USA entry into World War II halted nearly all construction in Miami.</p><br>
<p>The district is one of Miami&#39;s most intact historic neighborhoods, and its best remaining example of a planned, boom-era suburb.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The district is residential, with 156 residences and 67 outbuildings contributing to its historic character. All are one or two story masonry buildings, in a wide variety of earth 20th century styles, including Mediterranean Revival, Art Deco, Colonial Revival, Mission, and Masonry Vernacular. All of the contributing buildings were constructed between 1922 and 1942. To protect the character of the neighborhood, the City of Miami designated Bay Shore a local historic district in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Miami Beach Architectural District  is a USA historic district  located in the South Beach neighborhood of Miami Beach, Florida. The area is well known as the district where Italian fashion designer Gianni Versace lived and was assassinated by Andrew Cunanan, in a mansion on Ocean Drive. It is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Sixth Street to the south, Alton Road to the west and the Collins Canal and Dade Boulevard to the north. It contains 960 historic buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Historical significance</h2><br>
<p>This historic district holds the largest collection of Art Deco buildings in the world, an umbrella term covering a range of styles such as “Streamline”, “Tropical”, and “Med-deco” and built mostly between the Great Depression and the early 1940s. Notably, the architectural movement reached Miami after the city’s real estate market took a downturn in 1925, and the "Great Miami Hurricane" of 1926 that left 25,000 people homeless throughout the greater Miami region.</p><br>
<p>The designs are often described as evoking technological modernity, resilience, and optimism. The Miami Beach Art Deco Museum describes the Miami building boom as coming mostly during the second phase of the architectural movement known as Streamline Moderne, a style that was “buttressed by the belief that times would get better, and was infused with the optimistic futurism extolled at American’s World Fairs of the 1930s.”</p><br>
<p>In 1989, it was listed in A Guide to Florida&#39;s Historic Architecture, published by the University of Florida Press.</p><br>
<p>The district includes areas of seasonal hotels, commercial strips, and residential area.</p><br>
<p>Hotels on Ocean Drive, which can actually face the ocean, run from 5th to 15th Streets and front onto Lummus Park, a public park and beach. Many of these "reflect the influences of the Moderne Style perpetuated at the International expositions of the 1930s": the Chicago Worlds Fair of 1933 and the New York Worlds Fair of 1939.</p><br>
<p>These include:</p><br>
<p>Amsterdam Palace (1930), 1114-16 Ocean Drive, "one of the best examples of the Mediterranean Revival style to be seen in Miami Beach" Built around a central court-yard, it was designed as a replica or derivative of Christopher Columbus&#39; home in Santo Domingo, in the Dominican Republic.</p><br>
<p>the Victor (1937), 1144 Ocean Drive, International</p><br>
<p>the Tides (1936), 1220 Ocean Drive, Decorated Moderne (See fig. 8 in NRHP document),</p><br>
<p>the Carlyle (1941), 1250 Ocean Drive, Moderne (See fig. 5),</p><br>
<p>the Cardoza (1939), 1300 Ocean Drive, Moderne,</p><br>
<p>the Netherlands (1935), 1330 Ocean Drive, Decorated Moderne, and</p><br>
<p>the Winterhaven (1939), 1400 Ocean Drive.</p><br>
<p>The district also includes:</p><br>
<p>the Greystone Hotel (1939), 1920 Collins Ave., three stories, Decorated Moderne, designed by Henry Hohauser</p><br>
<p>Surfcomber Hotel (1948), Decorated Moderne</p><br>
<p>Raleigh Hotel (Miami Beach) (1940)</p><br>
<h2>Notable architects</h2><br>
<p>Albert Anis</p><br>
<p>Lester Avery</p><br>
<p>L. Murray Dixon</p><br>
<p>Charles R. Greco</p><br>
<p>Henry Hohauser</p><br>
<p>Russell Pancoast</p><br>
<p>The Hampton Terrace Historic District, originally called the Lakewood Manor Subdivision, is a USA historic district located in the Old Seminole Heights neighborhood of Tampa, Florida. The district is roughly bounded by Hanna Avenue to the north, 15th Street to the east, Nebraska Avenue to the west, and Hillsborough Avenue to the south. Hampton Terrace Historic District was so designated by its inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places on January 27, 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Hampton Terrace district encompasses 1,150 acre, and the neighborhood&#39;s boundaries are Hanna Ave, 15th St, Hillsborough Ave, and Nebraska, and includes Lake Roberta. The area contains about 470 contributing structures, all of which are private residences. The structures are considered historically significant examples of residential styles like the bungalow, and architectural influences including American Craftsman Style.</p><br>
<p>The Roberts Farm Historic and Archeological District  is a USA historic district  located in Tallahassee, Florida. The district is on Roberts Road, 1 mi east of Centerville Road.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Roberts Farm was founded in 1803 by the Roberts family as a crop and dairy farm.</p><br>
<h2>Current Day</h2><br>
<p>The farm is currently in the process of being re-conserved by two sisters, one of which has been living in the family house and the other is in the process of building a tiny house.</p><br>
<p>They have goats, horses, fowl, and farm dogs and have been renting off plots of land for gardens.</p><br>
<p>The Grandview Heights Historic District  is a USA historic district  located in West Palm Beach, Florida. The district is bounded by Park Place, Alabama Avenue, M Street, and Lake Avenue.</p><br>
<p>One of the citys oldest neighborhoods still intact, Grandview Heights was built as an extension of Palm Beach Heights from around 1910 to 1925. The neighborhood has one of the citys best collection of early craftsman-style bungalows, as well as some modest, Mediterranean revival-style homes. Grandview Heights first residents were ministers, downtown shopkeepers, and the craftsmen who built the luxury hotels of Palm Beach. Despite having modest elevation, it contained the highest elevation to the south to Cuba, and at the time provided views of Lake Worth Lagoon over Woodlawn Cemetery and Pioneer Memorial Park.</p><br>
<p>After a period of urban decline in the 1980s, almost all of Palm Beach Heights and portions of Grandview Heights were demolished in 1989 to make way for the proposed Downtown/Uptown urban revitalization project. This land, immediately north of the neighborhood, later became CityPlace, a New Urbanist mixed-use shopping and dining district.</p><br>
<p>Grandview Heights neighborhood has been restored to a mixed-use, walkable neighborhood with a mix of mostly single family homes, modern townhomes, and apartments. Also located in the neighborhood are two historic churches, several bed and breakfasts, and small local businesses.</p><br>
<p>The west end of the neighborhood is Howard Park, the largest urban park in West Palm Beach. Howard Park contains the historic Stub Canal Turning Basin, originally used for unloading crops grown to the west, including the central portions of the state near Lake Okeechobee, for shipment to the North. At the time, the land just across the canal from the park remained undeveloped marshlands, and was used for hunting. During the land-boom era, Howard Park was used as camp for settlers, including tent-sites, running water, and out-houses provided by the city. This camp was later converted to a Boy Scout camp, and is the location of the present-day dog park. Some tourists and settlers would alternatively rent apartments located over garages in the neighborhood, providing additional income to residents. The historic Art Deco style Armory building was built in 1939 with WPA funds for use by the National Guard. It currently houses the, which includes an art school and galleries.</p><br>
<p>Immediately east of the neighborhood is the historic Woodlawn Cemetery, the South Dixie shopping district, and the Norton Museum of Art.</p><br>
<h2>Historic Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The Grandview Heights Historic District contains 268 historic buildings.</p><br>
<p>The North Shore Historic District, commonly known as Old Northeast or Historic Old Northeast, is a USA historic district  located in St. Petersburg, Florida. The district, located adjacent to Downtown, is bounded by 4th Street N, 5th Avenue N, Tampa Bay, and 30th Ave N. It contains 2975 historic buildings and 4 objects. This area is mostly residential but does contain some retail, dining, parks and city landmarks. It also has been featured in the "Great Homes and Destinations" section of the New York Times.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings in the district</h2><br>
<p>First Church of Christ, Scientist (St. Petersburg, Florida)</p><br>
<p>The Pass-a-Grille Historic District  is a USA historic district  located in the town of Pass-a-Grille at the southern end of St. Pete Beach, Pinellas County, Florida. The district is bounded by 12th Avenue, Gulf Boulevard, 4th Avenue, and Gulf Avenue. It contains 97 historic buildings.</p><br>
<p>On September 15, 2003, the area was expanded to include an area bounded by Pass-a-Grille Way, 1st Avenue, Gulf Way, Sunset Way, and 32nd Avenue. The new area contained contains 354 more historic buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Gulf Beaches Historical Museum is a museum of local history that is located in the district in the former Pass-a-Grille Community Church.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Sylvanus Wade House is a former stagecoach inn located in Greenbush, Wisconsin, United States. The house provided lodging and meals to travelers in the mid-1800s, before the construction of a nearby railroad made the stagecoach route obsolete. Today, it is part of the Wade House Historic Site.</p><br>
<h2>Early years</h2><br>
<p>In 1844, Sylvanus Wade moved his family to the Greenbush area, where he purchased several hundred acres of land with the intent of building a town. The first dwelling they built was a log home that was repeatedly enlarged as the family grew and the number of visitors increased.</p><br>
<p>A three-story wooden Greek Revival house was built between 1848 and 1851. It quickly gained attention for its large size and stylish appearance.</p><br>
<p>Wade began advertising his "Half Way House" in Sheboygan in 1849.</p><br>
<p>This, coupled with the inns location halfway between the larger cities of Fond du Lac and Sheboygan, Wisconsin on the Fond du Lac-Sheboygan Plank Road, made it a popular stopover for travelers during the 1850s and 1860s. However, when travel by horse and stagecoach became obsolete and the railroad between Sheboygan and Fond du Lac went through Glenbeulah to the north, the houses full-time use as an inn was discontinued. Ironically, a railroad directors election meeting was held at the house in 1854.</p><br>
<h2>Post-railroad era</h2><br>
<p>The family continued to host personal guests at the house in the following decades, and hosted events such as business meetings, socials, wedding anniversaries, and showers. By 1917 the house was being referred to as the historic old "Wade House".</p><br>
<p>The house was owned by Hollis Wade until his death in 1921, at which time ownership passed to his son William. A domestic argument at the house in 1927 ended with William accidentally shooting his son-in-law, Fred Limberg, in the leg.</p><br>
<p>In 1939 an effort was made to turn the Wade House into a going business, with advertising noting its availability for private events and dinners.</p><br>
<p>Ownership of the house passed out of the family in 1941 when it was sold to Mr. and Mrs. M. J. Dorst of Freeport, Illinois, with the new owners announcing their intent to restore it to 1850s condition. Martin Dorst was a native of nearby Plymouth. and Mary Dorst was a friend of the Wades from childhood. William Wade died in 1943 at the age of 71.</p><br>
<p>Frequent mention of the house in the society columns of The Sheboygan Press throughout the 1940s indicates that it continued to be a popular destination. Even as late as June 1950 rooms were being rented out. The Methodist church of Greenbush used the Wade House for church services for a two-year period from 1944 to 1946.</p><br>
<p>Attempts to operate a business were made in 1949 when Mrs. Martin Dorst&#39;s son, Clare Dorst, announced that he would be operating a restaurant in the house.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>The first mention of selling the property to the State Historical Society of Wisconsin was in April 1948 when Mrs. Martin Dorst offered it to the society. In December 1949 she announced that she was putting the house up for sale to any buyer because of the large expense that would be required to meet modern health codes for restaurants. In February 1950, the state conservation commission proposed purchasing the house to use as an office and visitors&#39; center for the Kettle Moraine State Forest.</p><br>
<p>The sale of the house did not occur until July 1950 when it was purchased, along with all furnishings, by the Kohler Foundation for $17,000 with the intention of donating it to the historical society after the restoration work was completed.</p><br>
<p>From 1950 to 1953, the Wade House was restored to its Civil War–era appearance by the Kohler Foundation with the effort spearhead by Ruth Miriam DeYoung-Kohler, wife of Herbert Kohler. Mrs. Kohler intended the restoration as a memorial to her husband&#39;s sister, Marie Christine Kohler, who had become interested it the Wade house before her death in 1943. Ruth Kohler died on March 7, 1953, at the age of 46 and was not able to witness the turning over of the house to the state three months later.</p><br>
<p>The historic building was deeded to the State Historical Society of Wisconsin (now Wisconsin Historical Society) in 1953 in a ceremony that featured poet and Lincoln biographer Carl Sandburg.</p><br>
<h2>Modern historic site</h2><br>
<p>Today the inn, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is part of the Wade House Historic Site, a historical museum operated by the Wisconsin Historical Society. The site includes two other buildings on the National Register, the Charles Robinson House and the Robinson-Herrling Sawmill. The historical society also operates the Wesley Jung Carriage Museum at the site, exhibiting a large collection of 19th-century American horse-drawn vehicles.</p><br>
<p>The house was located on the main line Wisconsin Highway 23 until the highway was rerouted to bypass north of Greenbush in the mid-1980s. The Wade house was formerly a part of the Wisconsin state park system as the Old Wade House State Park, before coming under the direct purview of the Wisconsin Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The Caples–Ringlings Estates Historic District comprises the John Ringling Estate, the Edith and Charles Ringling and Hester Ringling Lancaster Sanford Estates, and the Ellen and Ralph Caples Estate as a USA historic district located in Sarasota, Florida. The historic designation was given on December 15, 1982. The district is bounded by Sarasota Bay, Tamiami Trail , Parkview Avenue, and North Shore Drive. The district contains 18 historic buildings and 5 structures as well as contributing factors. Architecture , landscape architecture, art, sculpture, as well as social and humanitarian factors are cited on the 1980 nomination form as the significant qualification factors for listing the district. The district was the first National Register of Historic Places nomination for a site in the city of Sarasota. The estates associated with three of the homes are the part of the New College of Florida campus that is west of Bay Shore Road, all except that of John Ringling.</p><br>
<p>Two of the homes, Ediths and Hesters, are used regularly for college functions and the third, the home of the Caples, is undergoing restoration so that it also may be used regularly.</p><br>
<p>Lincolnville Historic District  is a neighborhood in St. Augustine, Florida established by freedmen following the American Civil War and located on the southwest peninsula of the "nation&#39;s oldest city." It was designated as an historic district in 1991 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Originally recorded with 548 contributing buildings, the district is bounded by Cedar, Riberia, Cerro and Washington streets and DeSoto Place.</p><br>
<p>In the late 20th century, numerous African Americans moved from this district to newer housing in suburbs, following the postwar pattern of settlement. In the 1990s, the city of St. Augustine engaged in extensive demolitions in Lincolnville. The number of surviving historic buildings was markedly reduced. Since the turn of the 21st century, the city has sought more demolitions to enable redevelopment of the area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The community was established after the American Civil War in 1866. Freedmen (and women) Peter Sanks, Matilda Papy, Harriet Weedman, Miles Hancock, Israel McKenzie, Aaron DuPont and Tom Solana leased land for $1.00 a year on what was then the west bank of Maria Sanchez Creek, across from the developed part of St. Augustine. The rest of the peninsula was developed as two large orange grove plantations: the Dumas plantation "Yalaha" (Seminole word for orange) at the northern end and "Buena Esperanza" (Spanish for "Good Hope") at the south.</p><br>
<p>The freedmen originally called their settlement Africa, or Little Africa. After streets were laid out in 1878, it came to be known as Lincolnville. In the 1860s the northwest corner of modern Lincolnville was an 5 acre orange grove owned by Abraham Lincoln&#39;s private secretary, John Hay. He later served as Secretary of State under Theodore Roosevelt).</p><br>
<p>Over the decades the settlement was expanded from this northeast area, around present-day Washington, Oneida, Dumas, St. Francis, St. Benedict and DeHaven streets, and businessmen developed the entire peninsula. It was characterized by narrow streets, small lots, and houses built close to the street line, similar to the colonial St. Augustine style and land-use pattern.</p><br>
<p>When Standard Oil magnate Henry Flagler came to St. Augustine in the 1880s, he redeveloped the city to serve as a "Winter Newport," a resort for the wealthy. His changes also affected Lincolnville. He filled in the northern reaches of Maria Sanchez Creek to create high ground for development (the landfill included dirt with archeological remains excavated from the site of Fort Mose). His Standard Oil partner William Warden dredged the southern part of the creek to create what is now Maria Sanchez Lake. This expanded the eastern boundary of Lincolnville to the Ponce de Leon Barracks at 172-180 Cordova Street. The Barracks is now considered one of the historic districts major buildings. During the late 19th and early 20th century, it housed African-American servants and others who worked at Flaglers hotels in the city.</p><br>
<p>Some of the African-American waiters from the hotels formed the first professional black baseball team in the United States. When they played locally, they were known as the Ponce de Leon Giants; when they played in the North, they were known as the Cuban Giants. One member of the team, Frank Grant, was later elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame. Jacksonville native and nationally known writer James Weldon Johnson wrote about the baseball team in his 1933 autobiography Along This Way.</p><br>
<p>Lincolnville businessman Frank B. Butler established Butler Beach, Florida as a beach resort for African Americans who were barred from the area&#39;s other beaches during segregation.</p><br>
<p>In the 1940s the Flagler estate converted the Barracks to the Lakeside Apartments and restricted tenants to whites only, under state racial segregation laws in effect since the turn of the century. In the 21st century, the building was renovated and redeveloped for condominium sales. Marketing did not include this history.</p><br>
<p>During the Civil Rights Movement, Lincolnville was the base of activists who worked for the end of racial segregation in schools and public facilities in St. Augustine. (See St. Augustine movement.) Subject to rising Ku Klux Klan violence, in 1964 local activists appealed for help to the Martin Luther King Jr.-led Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Rev. King and activists from other parts of the country came to join local activists in non-violent protests. Hundreds were arrested and filled the jails; their struggle brought national attention to the issues and aided Congressional passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition and redevelopment</h2><br>
<p>After the end of legal segregation, some African Americans began to move to other areas of newer, suburban housing, joining the major postwar trend in the United States. Employment and population in this area have declined, but the city wanted to recognize the rich history and architectural resources. In 1991 the Lincolnville Historic District was documented and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Bounded by Cedar, Riberia, Cerro and Washington streets and DeSoto Place, it contained 548 historic buildings.</p><br>
<p>At the same time, migration to Florida from other parts of the country increased. The city of St. Augustine supported demolition of deteriorating buildings in order to redevelop some of the Lincolnville area for new housing and uses, and numerous historic buildings were taken down. In the 21st century, redevelopment pressure has continued, as new development is yielding higher rates of profit. In 2014, there were plans to build an aquarium, the St. Augustine Aquarium, in an empty landfill in the neighborhood, but the project was blocked due to concerns about traffic.</p><br>
<p>King&#39;s Highway is located in the Oak Cliff area of Dallas, Texas . The district is bounded by Stewart Drive on the north, Davis Street on the south, Tyler Street on the east and Mary Cliff Road on the west. It is in Dallas Council District 3.</p><br>
<p>The conservation district was established in 1988 by Dallas Ordinance 19910, and governs zoning, renovations and replacements, setbacks, etc. Replacement houses are required to meet standards making them similar to the surrounding houses and houses of the period, discouraging teardowns and preventing modern suburban-style architecture.</p><br>
<p>King&#39;s Highway was established as a conservation district in 1988 and was the first of its kind to be established in Dallas.</p><br>
<p>A quote from the conservation documents:</p><br>
<p>The Strawn Historic Citrus Packing House District  is a USA historic district  located at 5707 Lake Winona Road in DeLeon Springs, Florida in Volusia County. It contains 12 historic buildings and 3 structures. The packing house is in a state of abandoned decay and has not been operation since 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The 20 acre site is situated off of USA Route 17 between Lake Winona Road and Ridgewood Avenue. It is bordered by the CSX railroad line on the southwest. It consists of a packing house with a distinctive saw tooth roof. Behind this building stands a barn, blacksmith shop, machinery house, a steam and dynamo building and 10 other structures.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Theodore Strawn, a native of Illinois, settled in West Volusia County and started an orange packing operation in 1882. In 1921, the original packing house burned and a metal structure with an iconic sawtooth roof was constructed to replace it. The walls were built from stamped copper alloy steel panels, and designed to be fireproof.</p><br>
<p>The packing house was closed down after a destructive freeze on Christmas 1983. That year, the orange trees were killed down to the stump, according to John Strawn, the grandson of Theodore Strawn, the site&#39;s founder.</p><br>
<p>The site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993, along with a sawmill and some additional Strawn agricultural buildings about a mile away.</p><br>
<p>The site has been heavily vandalized and looted over the years since it closed, in spite of no trespassing signs and a fence around the facility.</p><br>
<p>The site, even in its dilapidated condition, is of significant historical importance, as it depicts the early development of the citrus industry in Florida. It has been on The Florida Trust for Historic Preservations list of Floridas Eleven Most Endangered Historic Sites since 2007. It is listed as endangered by the Volusia County Historic Preservation Board.</p><br>
<p>The Coolidge Homestead, also known as Calvin Coolidge Homestead District or President Calvin Coolidge State Historic Site, was the childhood home of the 30th president of the United States, Calvin Coolidge and the place where he first took the presidential oath of office. Located in Plymouth Notch, Vermont, Coolidge lived there from age four in 1876 to 1887, when he departed for Black River Academy for education. He is buried in Plymouth Notch Cemetery not far from the home.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The home was bought by his father, John Coolidge, who expanded it from a simple -story farm house to its present size and appearance today.</p><br>
<p>Despite living most of his life in Northampton, Massachusetts, Calvin Coolidge often returned to the homestead to visit his family, and he was staying there when President Warren G. Harding died. Coolidge was sworn in by his father in the family parlor after taking the Oath of Office for the presidency. Due to his father&#39;s refusal to modernize the house it remains in the same condition, and in some cases with the same furnishings, as it was the night Coolidge took the oath. The Inaugural Room itself is behind glass, but a visitor can stand in an alcove and see the lamp, Bible, and table that were used in the ceremony, all placed in their historic positions.</p><br>
<p>The Homestead District includes:</p><br>
<p>A Visitors Center</p><br>
<p>Coolidge Homestead</p><br>
<p>Farmer&#39;s Museum</p><br>
<p>Wilder House</p><br>
<p>Wilder Horse Barn</p><br>
<p>Old Coolidge Farmhouse/Florence Ciley General Store/Coolidge Hall</p><br>
<p>Coolidge Farm Shop</p><br>
<p>Plymouth Cheese Factory (cheese making museum upstairs)</p><br>
<p>One-Room Schoolhouse</p><br>
<p>Azro Johnson House</p><br>
<p>Union Christian Church</p><br>
<p>Carrie Brown Coolidge Garden (begun by the President&#39;s stepmother)</p><br>
<p>Aldrich House</p><br>
<p>Top of the Notch Cabins (1927 tourist accommodations)</p><br>
<p>Brown Family Farmhouse</p><br>
<p>Plymouth Notch Cemetery</p><br>
<p>The district was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Coolidge Homestead is part of the Calvin Coolidge State Historical Site overseen by the state of Vermont. As far as possible the buildings have been returned to the conditions they were in when Coolidge was president. A simple video and picture display of his life is shown in the barn. The rooms in Coolidge Hall that he used as a Summer White House in 1924 have been restored and a video of contemporary newsreel film added.</p><br>
<p>It is located west and north of Vermont Route 100A in Plymouth Notch, and open daily from 9:30 A.M. to 5:00 P.M, late May to mid-October. Four generations of the family, including the President, are buried in nearby Plymouth Notch Cemetery. The Calvin Coolidge State Park, a developed part of the Coolidge State Forest, is also close by.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>Ortega is a neighborhood of Jacksonville, Florida, US. It is located south of downtown Jacksonville on a peninsula off the western bank of the St. Johns River. It is one of the wealthiest neighborhoods in Jacksonville, and is the location of many historic homes and buildings.</p><br>
<p>The peninsula containing Ortega is bounded by the St. Johns and Ortega Rivers, and is bisected by Roosevelt Boulevard (USA Route 17); the area to the east of Roosevelt is known as Old Ortega, while the area to the west is known as Ortega Forest. On July 14, 2004, a section of Ortega to the east of 17 and north of Verona Boulevard was designated as the Old Ortega Historic District by the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ortega got its start in 1763, shortly after Spain ceded Florida to England. By 1780, Colonel Daniel McGirtt moved into the Jones Plantation and served with rebel troops in Georgia against the British. After some skirmishes, he later changed sides and joined the British, plundering the rebel troops and stealing Georgian cattle. Soon he formed a band of outlaws and terrorized the British, as well. The British governor, eventually had him court martialed and jailed at Castillo de San Marcos in Saint Augustine, but he escaped. There are a road and a park in the neighborhood still named after him to this day.</p><br>
<p>In 1902, J. Pierpont Morgan helped a local Florida senator finance what is modern day Ortega. By 1908, the Ortega Company had completed a wooden bridge across the Ortega River, connecting to Avondale. A clubhouse was built and was designed by famed architect Henry Bacon of Lincoln Memorial. Bacon also built a house in the neighborhood, of which neither the original clubhouse nor his house remain. The final construction boom occurred during the 1920s and Ortega has remained a neighborhood filled with wealthy businessmen and old families.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The peninsula containing the Ortega neighborhood was originally an island until a land bridge was constructed at the southern end; this is now part of Roosevelt Boulevard, a section of USA Route 17. The peninsula is separated from the mainland by the St. Johns River to the east, and the smaller waterway known as the Ortega River to the north and west. Ortega is bisected by Roosevelt; the older area to the east of the road is known as "Ortega" or "Old Ortega", while the newer developments to the west comprise "Ortega Forest". Ortega is also accessible via a two-lane bascule bridge, the Ortega River Bridge, which carries Ortega Boulevard (State Road 211). The current bridge was constructed in 1927.</p><br>
<p>On July 14, 2004, a section of Old Ortega was designated the Old Ortega Historic District by the National Register of Historic Places. The district is located east of USA 17 and north of Verona Boulevard. Ortega Boulevard is the primary route throughout the district, which covers 4500 acres and contains 597 historic buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Neighborhood</h2><br>
<p>Ortega has a few different sections with different characteristics. There is the riverfront, with multimillion-dollar mansions. Ortega Point has old wood frame and Tudor homes surrounding Bettes Park. The historic district has modest wood-frame homes dating back to the early 1900s. Ortega Terrace towards the southern interior of the peninsula has large, stone and brick houses with a mix of styles. There is an extensive park system and many of the local residents set up trusts to help maintain and landscape the parks.</p><br>
<p>The Venetia gates mark the entrance to Venetia, a development founded in 1925 by Col. Raymond C. Turck on 500 acres of land in the Ortega neighborhood. Designed by architect Mellon Greely, the development was planned to be a Mediterranean-inspired community with a railroad station, a resort hotel, a yacht basin, and canals like those of Venice, Italy. Turck&#39;s project was never realized because of the collapse of the Florida real estate boom in 1926. According to a long-time resident, a man who had lived there since the 1930s, there were only 32 houses in the area then and no street markers, and Ortega Boulevard was a brick road that ran all the way to Green Cove Springs. The gates had an electric light suspended from the center of the ornamental iron work (restored) that stretches from pillar to pillar.</p><br>
<p>Two schools serve Ortega: Ortega Elementary School and St. Mark&#39;s Episcopal Day School; many children also attend Stockton Elementary School in nearby Ortega Forest. Many of the neighborhood children walk or ride bikes to school and the neighborhood is characterized by a very strong family-oriented environment. Many of the neighborhood teenagers attend local or northern private schools or the International Baccalaureate at one of two "magnet" high schools nearby.</p><br>
<p>The street system is a grid pattern with themed street names. One end of the historic district has street names characterized by large Native American tribes. One section has the names of Ivy League schools. Another section has the names of all the styles of columns (i.e. Doric, Ionic, Corinthian).</p><br>
<p>The largest churches in the area are St. Mark&#39;s Episcopal Church and United Methodist Church.</p><br>
<p>Residents are often members of either the Florida Yacht Club or Timuquana Country Club. Due to the easy access to the water many residents enjoy boating or sailing. Prominent New York businessman William Astor helped start the Florida Yacht Club and was an active member there (there is still a room in the present 1928 clubhouse named for him). Timuquanas greens were designed by the countrys most prominent golf architect, Donald Ross and later upgraded and maintained by Robert Trent Jones.</p><br>
<p>Huckins Yachts are also constructed across the Ortega River from the neighborhood. Started over 80 years ago, the very first Huckins was sold to David M. Goodrich of B.F. Goodrich Rubber Company. He later purchased two more yachts. Many residents of the neighborhood own a Huckins Yacht, ranging in size from 35 feet to almost 100 feet. Huckins are also popular in yachting circles in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and Newport, Rhode Island. Huckins also built many PT boats for the USA Navy in World War II.</p><br>
<h2>Notable past and present residents</h2><br>
<p>Henry Bacon, architect of the Lincoln Memorial</p><br>
<p>Jack del Rio, coach of the Jacksonville Jaguars</p><br>
<p>David Duval, professional golfer</p><br>
<p>John Milton Bryan Simpson, former federal judge for which the John Milton Bryan Simpson United States Courthouse is named</p><br>
<p>Bill Terry, former Major League baseball player and member of the Baseball Hall of Fame</p><br>
<p>The Villa Louis is a National Historic Landmark located on St. Feriole Island, in Prairie du Chien, southwestern Wisconsin. The villa and estate are a historical museum operated by the Wisconsin Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site was inhabited by Native American tribes, especially the Mound Builders, as is evidenced by the large mound upon which later structures at the site (Fort Shelby, Fort Crawford, and the homes of Hercules and of Louis Dousman) have all stood. In 1814, the Siege of Prairie du Chien was fought in the area by American and British troops hoping to control Fort Shelby during the War of 1812. Later the land was occupied by Fort Crawford.</p><br>
<p>After white settlers drove Indigenous communities from their homelands, the land was purchased by Hercules L. Dousman, who was a man of many trades: a fur trader, a lumberman, a land sculptor, and a frontier entrepreneur. In the mid-1840s, he began construction on the estate from which Villa Louis would be born. The location he chose was perfect due to its proximity to the Mississippi River.</p><br>
<p>Later Dousman&#39;s son, Louis, established the present estate, at the center of which is an elegant Villa Louis mansion designed by E. Townsend Mix built in 1871 in the Victorian Italianate style.</p><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>The estate now known as Villa Louis began when Prairie du Chien trader and investor Hercules Dousman purchased land previously occupied by Fort Crawford. Dousman had the remains of the fort cleared away. In 1843, he built a large, brick Greek Revival house atop an Indian mound, which had been the site of the old forts southeastern blockhouse. Because of this, Hercules Dousmans home has come to be called the "House on the Mound". This name was also used as the title of an August Derleth novel that featured Dousman as a principal character. Hercules Dousman lived in the House on the Mound until his death in 1868. At the time of his death, he was one of the wealthiest men in Wisconsin, and his fortune passed to his wife Jane and his son Louis.</p><br>
<p>Upon coming into his fathers estate, Louis decided to demolish the House on the Mound and replace it with a more contemporary Victorian Italianate style house that included modern indoor plumbing and central heating, both considered luxuries at the time. Louis Dousman contracted with Milwaukee architect E. Townsend Mix in 1870 to have the new house designed and built, and construction was finished in 1871. The new mansion was built with some parts of the old demolished one. The two-story Cream City brick house became the residence of Louiss mother, Jane, while Louis himself moved to Saint Paul, Minnesota not long after construction was finished.</p><br>
<p>In St. Paul, Louis married Nina Sturgis, and later the couple moved to St. Louis, Missouri, eventually having five children. However, following the death of his mother Jane Dousman in 1882, Louis made plans to return to Prairie du Chien and transform the family estate into a stock farm to breed Standardbred horses. Stables and paddocks were constructed on the estate, along with a half mile racetrack so Dousman could begin holding an annual carriage race on the property. Because the estate had an artesian well, Louis decided to call his new venture the "Artesian Stock Farm". In 1885, Louis moved back to the Prairie du Chien estate with his family. In the process, the 1871 mansion was substantially remodeled and the house was redecorated in the style of the British Arts and Crafts Movement. This remodel included not only the house, but also the adjacent office. The remodeling was done by a Chicago designer from the William Morris Company of London.</p><br>
<p>Louiss plans for the estate came to an abrupt halt the following year, on his sudden death in January, 1886. He was 37 years old when he died, leaving behind a widow and five children. After Louiss death, the stock farm was disbanded and the horses sold, and Nina Dousman renamed the estate "Villa Louis" in memory of her late husband. Later, in 1888, Nina remarried and moved to New York City, leaving the estate vacant. Her new marriage did not last, and in 1893 she returned with the five Dousman children to the Midwest. Villa Louis was then used as the family&#39;s summer home into the early 20th century. Louis de Vierville Dousman, the only son of Louis and Nina, was the last family member to occupy the estate, leaving for Billings, Montana in 1913 with his wife Sarah Easton.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<h4>Historic site and museums</h4><br>
<p>Although the Dousman family had left the Villa Louis estate by 1913, they continued to own the property. Over the following decades, they rented the mansion for use as a boarding school, among other things. In the 1930s, two of Louis Dousmans children, Violet and Virginia, began to restore the estate to its 19th-century appearance. They then transferred the property to the city of Prairie du Chien, so that the mansion could be operated as a historic house museum. In 1952, the site was acquired by the Wisconsin Historical Society, and became the organizations first historic site.</p><br>
<p>Since then, the Villa Louis historic site has expanded to encompass two other nearby National Historic Landmarks: the Brisbois House, and the Astor Fur Warehouse. The warehouse now functions as a museum of the fur trade, while the Brisbois house has remained closed to the public. The site also contains the Rolette House, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and numerous outbuildings constructed by the Dousmans as part of the Villa Louis estate.</p><br>
<h4>1990s restoration</h4><br>
<p>In the 1990s, the discovery of numerous photographs of Villa Louis from the late 19th century allowed the historical society to undertake a major restoration of the mansion and surrounding buildings. Using the collection of photographs and the estate&#39;s original furnishings, many of which were given to the site by the Dousman family heirs, the society was able to authentically restore the home to its appearance from 1893 to 1898. The use of photographs and original furniture to so accurately restore the home brought national attention to the site in 1999, including a feature article in Victorian Decorating & Lifestyle magazine and an exhibit at the New York School of Interior Design.</p><br>
<p>The historical society hosts several events at Villa Louis, including a reenactment of the Battle of Prairie du Chien, and the Villa Louis Carriage Classic, a major carriage driving competition held each September.</p><br>
<p>Harriton House, originally known as Bryn Mawr, is an historic house which is located on the Philadelphia Main Line, and was most famously the residence of Founding Father Charles Thomson, the secretary of the Continental Congress.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Originally built in 1704 by Rowland Ellis, a Welsh Quaker, it was called Bryn Mawr, meaning high hill. The modern town of Bryn Mawr is named after the house, and the National Register of Historic Places has it listed under the original name.</p><br>
<p>It was originally designed as a T-shaped, two-story fieldstone dwelling with a gable roof. The original front section is approximately thirty-seven feet wide and twenty-two feet deep and the rear extension is approximately eighteen feet wide and twenty-three feet deep. A one-story brick kitchen was added to the end of the rear extension. The house was renovated in 1911 and major additions were made in 1926.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Harriton Association</h2><br>
<p>The Harriton Association was started in 1962 by a group of people who were concerned that the house and its surrounding grounds, which were privately owned at the time, would be subdivided and developed. The creation of the group was spearheaded by W. Dallas “Bob” Saybolt, a Philadelphia furniture manufacturer (Saybolt & Cleland Inc.) who served as the first president of the Harriton Association. The association removed the 1926 additions and restored the house to look as it did when Charles Thomson lived there. Those renovations were completed in time for the 1976 United States Bicentennial.</p><br>
<p>The association operates Harriton House as a museum and cultural resource. Tours are given from Wednesday through Saturday, and special events are held at the house throughout the year.</p><br>
<p>The Bateman Hotel, previously known as Howell Hotel or Kellogg Hotel, located in Lowville, New York, is now a conglomerate of condos. At one time, it was a hotel with a kitchen, a dining room, and a saloon. The hotel is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The hotel was built in 1869 to replace a predecessor hotel, after the downtown area was burnt in a fire in January 1869.</p><br>
<p>A livery barn from is a contributing structure on the property.</p><br>
<p>The hotel was owned in the 1950s through 1980 by Harold and Marion Mahar. After Harold&#39;s death in the late 1960s, Marion (called "Mother Mahar" by the locals) continued to run the hotel until her retirement in the early 1980s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Bateman Hotel (1869) is located on the east side of State Street just south of Shady Avenue in the commercial downtown district of Lowville, Lewis County. The surrounding commercial district, which has been identified as an eligible State/National Registers Historic District, consists of a distinctive and well-preserved grouping of mid-late 19th century architecture representing the period of Lowville&#39;s greatest growth and prosperity. The Bateman Hotel is one of the most prominent and architecturally distinctive buildings within the district, occupying the center building in a massive four-story brick commercial block which dominates the downtown street-scape. Architecturally, the design and detailing of the Bateman Hotel incorporate characteristics of the Italianate and Second Empire styles popular during the latter half of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The Bateman Hotel is the center building in a commercial block of unified design and construction. Its main facade is characterized by a molded cornice with decorative brackets and full-height pilasters which break up the wall surface to form a pattern of 2-12-2 bays across the front. At the north and south ends windows are paired on the second and third stories and grouped in threes on the fourth. Throughout the upper stories windows are 1/1 sash set in round arches which are accentuated by full arch crowns on the fourth story. Belt courses separate the upper stories. A contrasting yellow brick coursing follows the top of the window heads on all three stories with limestone belt coursing at the sills. The first story contains three storefronts and the hotels public space. The Colonial Revival porte-cochere with round Doric columns resting on cut stone piers which highlights the main entry, and the large paned glass storefronts reflect renovations to the first story. The hotels original main entrance had only a small extended weather roof which was replaced in 1874 by a hexagonal veranda, and again in 1909 with the present porte-cochere.</p><br>
<p>The rear (eastern) elevation of the Bateman Hotel is a plain brick facade resting on a random ashlar limestone base. Perpendicular to the main block on its north end is a three-story 4x3 bay brick wing with one-story covered wood porch. Adjacent to the porch on the north end is a one-story, wood-frame enclosed section. Windows in the rear elevation contain 1/1 sash with plain stone sills and soldier course brick lintels. To meet current day building code requirements, a four-story brick, 3x1 bay elevator shaft/stairtower addition has recently been added (part of the tax credit project) to the rear of the building.</p><br>
<p>The first floor of the Bateman Hotel is divided into three areas. The first area contains the public space which includes the lobby, dining room, restaurant and bar, all interconnected; the second is the service space located in the rear section of the building which contains the kitchen and bathroom facilities; the third is the commercial space consisting of three storefronts located at the south end of the building. Dominant features of the hotels interior include the centralized grand circular staircase that rises directly from the first floor through the fourth floor, and the longitudinal orientation of the double-loaded main corridors in a north–south direction on the upper floors which are connected to the main stairway by short passageways. The main corridor does not divide the building equally; rooms along the west side (front) of the building are typically two deep, while those along the east side (rear) are only a single room deep. The second and third floors plans are almost identical, while the fourth floor differs only in that there is no rear section extending from the fourth floor. Two original stairways located at either end of the main corridors, which led to the now-removed corner towers, have been closed off. The rear wing of the building which originally contained the service area, has a double loaded corridor running east–west with a series of small rooms on either side.</p><br>
<p>With the exception of the first floor, which was renovated in 1909, original finishes throughout the hotel have been largely retained. They include: grained molded wood trim around doors, windows and baseboards (secondary rooms have only plain baseboards and moldings), six-panelled transomed doors off corridors into most rooms, plaster arches resting on wood brackets dividing sections of the hallway, and the four-story spiral stairway with full decorative wood balustrade. Extant first floor finishes reflecting the 1909 renovations include: plaster walls in some locations, heave decorative wood moldings, and pressed metal ceilings. the black and white (checkered) marble tile floor dates to 1876.</p><br>
<p>The historic architectural integrity of the Bateman Hotel has been very well preserved with its original form, fenestration and fabric largely intact. Alterations to the buildings original exterior have been limited to the 1909 renovations to the first floor storefronts and main entry, the removal of the domed cupolas from the buildings north and south ends, replacement window sash (4/4 with 1/1), and the recent addition of a four-story stair tower to the rear of the building. An original passageway which cut through the hotel on its north side to allow the passage of carriages from State Street to the rear of the building has been closed off; in its place is a commercial establishment(bar).</p><br>
<p>Other noteworthy features of the Bateman Hotel are the historic large painted signs on the brickwork. On the rear extension is painted "The Bateman", under which the previous sign for the "Kellogg House" can still be made out. "The Bateman" is also painted on the street facade between the second and third floors and, again, "Kellogg House" is clearly discernible underneath.</p><br>
<p>A contributing feature on the property is the livery barn located to the rear (east) of the Bateman Hotel in what is currently the parking area for the hotel. It is a -story heavy timber-framed structure with board and batten siding and a standing seam metal roof.</p><br>
<h2>Other</h2><br>
<p>The Bateman is located on Lowville&#39;s main road, State Street. As a large four-story building, it "dominates" the downtown area.</p><br>
<p>The George Herbert Jones Laboratory is an academic building at 5747 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, on the main campus of the University of Chicago. Room 405 of the building was named a National Historic Landmark in 1967; it was the site where plutonium, the first man-made element, was isolated and measured.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The George Herbert Jones Laboratory is located at the northwest corner of the main quadrangle of the University of Chicago campus, between East 58th and 57th Streets. It is a four-story masonry structure, built in 1928-29 as facility and instructional space for the university&#39;s staff of research chemists and graduate students in chemistry. Room 405 is a relatively non-descript chamber on the fourth floor, measuring 6 x, with shelves and counters lining its walls. It is accessed via a wooden door with a glass window in its upper half.</p><br>
<p>As part of the USA War Departments Manhattan Project, University of Chicago chemists began to study the newly manufactured radioactive element, plutonium. Room 405 was the site where, for the first time on August 18, 1942, a team led by physicist Glenn Seaborg isolated a trace quantity of this new element. Measurements, performed on September 10, 1942, enabled chemists to determine the new elements atomic weight. This important step was to change the world, making possible both nuclear power and nuclear weapons. Seaborg later said of this event: "These memorable days will go down in scientific history to mark the first sight of a synthetic element, and the first isolation of a weighable amount of an artificially produced isotope of any element."</p><br>
<p>The USA Department of Energy remediated Jones Laboratory in the 1980s by studying and removing almost all of the building&#39;s World War II-era radioactive waste. The remediation took place in 1982, 1983, and 1987.</p><br>
<p>Although room 405 looks nothing like the original condition, the lobby of the laboratory maintains a collection of the specialized equipment used to perform the measurements. Although the building&#39;s basement and ground floor were significantly damaged by an explosion in 1973, Room 405 was not affected.</p><br>
<p>Room 405, George Herbert Jones Laboratory, The University of Chicago (7189830229).jpgRoom 405</p><br>
<p>Scholz Garten  is a beer garden and restaurant in downtown Austin, Texas and one of the oldest operating businesses in Texas. Among the Texas businesses that predate Scholz Garten are the Daily News in Galveston , the Excelsior Hotel in Jefferson , the Menger Hotel in San Antonio , and Imperial Sugar in Sugar Land .</p><br>
<p>Established by German immigrant August Scholz in 1866 after the American Civil War, Scholz Garten became a hub for German immigrants and their culture in the capital city. It was purchased by in 1914, who still owns it today. It remains a popular gathering spot for both political discussion and University of Texas sports events.</p><br>
<p>Scholz Garten was recorded as a Texas Historic Landmark in 1967, and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The business lease was purchased in 1986 by Eddie Wilson (founder of the Armadillo World Headquarters and Threadgill&#39;s), Phil Vitek, and Michael Osborne who restored it in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Goodall Wooten House is a historic home built in 1898–1900 in Austin, Texas, USA. It was built by local doctor and benefactor Goodall H. Wooten and his wife Ella and was noted for its Classical Revival architecture and lush gardens. The building has served many purposes since passing out of the Wooten family in 1944, such as a student residence hall, a chemical dependency treatment center, a luxury hotel called "The Mansion at Judges&#39; Hill" and currently, a boutique hotel called "Hotel Ella." The structure was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 3, 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The couple had begun planning the house in 1897, when they were married, and on July 20, 1898, Dr. Wooten and his wife purchased the land where the house would sit from Wootens father, Dr. Thomas D. Wooten. They lived with Wootens father while the house was being built and their daughter Lucie was born in her grandfather&#39;s home. Construction was completed on January 20, 1900, and the family moved in.</p><br>
<p>The house has three stories and a basement. The basement had servant sleeping quarters, a game room and storage. The first floor boasted an impressive entry foyer, sitting room, music room, dining room and kitchen. The second floor had four bedrooms, another sitting room, a bathroom and a room for Wooten&#39;s extensive gun collection. There was room in the attic for more storage.</p><br>
<p>In 1910, the house underwent a major renovation and went from a large house to a mansion. The west end of the house was expanded and the lower sitting room was merged into a new library and another bedroom was added. The plain hip roof was replaced and received new dormers. Ella hired Neiman-Marcus to redecorate the interior. It was the first house in Austin the Dallas-based company worked on.</p><br>
<p>Goodhall Wooten died on January 30, 1942, and Ella became the sole owner of the house. Ella sold the house on June 24, 1944. On October 20, 1953, the property was sold to Christian Faith and Life Community, who operated the house until 1972 as a student residence hall. The house was referred to as Lads House, Wooten House, Wooten Dormitory and Wooten Hall. The building remained a student residence until 1979 under another operator.</p><br>
<p>The mansion changed purposes on November 15, 1979, when James and Delois Coker bought it and opened the Chemical Dependency Treatment Center of Austin. It served as a drug and alcohol rehabilitation center for twenty years, although the name changed to the Faulkner Parkside Lodge of Austin and then the Austin Recovery Center.</p><br>
<p>Since 2003, the house was used under the name "The Mansion at Judges Hill," although technically the structure does not sit in the old Judges Hill neighborhood. In September 2013, it reopened as "Hotel Ella."</p><br>
<p>The original address of the house was 700 Magnolia Street. Magnolia Street was renamed 19th Street and then Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard. The address of the house was reassigned to the cross street Rio Grande (originally called San Bernard) and the current address is listed as 1900 Rio Grande.</p><br>
<p>The Austin History Center is the local history collection of the Austin Public Library and the city&#39;s historical archive.</p><br>
<p>The building opened as the official Austin Public Library in 1933 and served as the main library until 1979,</p><br>
<p>The historic library building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 6, 1993. A Texas Historical Commission marker placed in front of the library identifies it as a Texas Historic Landmark recorded in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>Interior Architecture & Design</h2><br>
<h3>Loggia fresco</h3><br>
<p>The front entrance to the Austin History Center has a loggia, an exterior covered corridor, supported by Corinthian column arches that complement its architectural style. Accomplished local craftsmen contributed to the design of the original building. Among these local craftsmen, Harold “Bubi” Jessen hand-painted a fresco on the ceiling of the loggia. The plaster of the groin vaulted ceiling features winged horses and curved flowing lines. Bubi Jessen came to Austin, Texas as a child from Germany. He attended the University of Texas as an architecture student. He later became an instructor and designed more than 20 buildings for the University of Texas. Jessen was also the author of a children&#39;s book titled “Humbert the Lion”.</p><br>
<h3>Ironwork</h3><br>
<p>There are three large wooden double doors with transom windows above that lead into the main entrance lobby of the Austin History Center. The glass of the doors, transom windows, and exterior window balconies all have ornate ironwork created by master ironsmith Fortunat Weigl. Fortunat immigrated to Austin, Texas from Albing, Germany. He started F. Weigl Iron Works with the help of a local woodcarver, Peter Mansbendel. F. Weigl Iron Works was operated by Fortunat Weigl and his two sons, Fortunat Lee Weigl and Herb Weigl from 1935 to 1977 at First St. and Red River St., where it has now become. The legacy of the Weigl family iron smithing trade continues with in Fredericksburg.</p><br>
<h3>Interior Wood Detailing</h3><br>
<p>Contributing to the interior wooden craftsmanship of the Austin Public Library was the handiwork of a Swiss immigrant woodcarver named Peter Mansbendel. Peter started wood carving from an early age and studied in London, Paris, and New York. While in New York, Peter Mansbendel met his future wife Clotilde Shipe, whose father, Monroe M. Shipe, was the real estate developer of the Hyde Park subdivision in Austin, Texas. Samples of Peter Mansbendel&#39;s work can be found in the Union Building of the University of Texas at Austin in the form of carved plaques of former university presidents. In San Antonio, Mansbendel replicated the doors of Mission San Jose in black walnut wood.</p><br>
<h3>Main Lobby</h3><br>
<p>The main lobby of the Austin History Center features a tripartite division of the walls. An oak wainscoting dado lines the lower perimeter of the room, while imitation travertine Corinthian pilasters appear along the wall between the doors that lead up to a full entablature at the ceiling. The ceiling is made of plaster and has five paneled sections with chandeliers adding to the classical design of this room. Throughout the lobby and into some of the other rooms are rubber tile floors that are original to the building since 1933.</p><br>
<h3>Holt Gallery</h3><br>
<p>The David Earl Holt Gallery Room, located just to the left of the front lobby, accommodates up to 62 people and is available for reservation by non-profit organizations. Visitors may enter this room from the hallway through large wooden double doors that have glass transoms overhead. Inside the room is a fireplace between the two entrance doors. The fireplace mantle and surround is original to the building since it was the Austin Public Library in 1933. The fireplace surround features pilasters on each side supported by high relief brackets and a carved stone mantelpiece with a bas-relief carving by Fred Eder. Oak trim baseboards line the interior room floor.</p><br>
<h3>Mayor’s Room</h3><br>
<p>The Mayor&#39;s Room, which is entered either from the hallway or from the Holt Gallery, gets its name from the pictures hung around the room of Mayors of Austin since 1839.</p><br>
<h3>O. Henry Collection</h3><br>
<p>The O. Henry Room contains a large collection of a mixed array of material from William Sydney Porter. William Porter was a local to Austin in the late 1800s and used the pen name O. Henry when writing short stories. Some original O. Henry furniture found in this room and most of the available materials were donated by Judge Trueman E. O&#39;Quinn while other materials were acquired from Jenny Lind Porter, Ethel Hofer, the Maddox family, the Austin Heritage Society, and the Austin History Center Association.</p><br>
<h3>Reading Room</h3><br>
<p>The Reading Room, located to the right of the lobby, is where visitors may reside while reviewing their research. This room features broadloom carpet, original tables and chairs from 1933, as well as table lamps specifically designed for this room during the 1980s renovation by Bell, Klein & Hoffman. The exterior walls of this room feature large arched windows, while the room is divided by floor to ceiling columns with brackets in the corners. Half wall shelving exists between the columns to separate the research area from the reference material space.</p><br>
<p>Wooldridge Park, also known as Wooldridge Square, is an urban park in downtown Austin, Texas. The park consists of a city block containing a natural basin whose sides slope inward to form an amphitheater with a bandstand at its center. The park was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Wooldridge Park is one of four original public squares designated in downtown Austin in the 1839 Waller Plan for the city drawn up by Edwin Waller, but it lay vacant for seventy years. In an era of civic pride in 1909, however, Austin Mayor Alexander Penn Wooldridge sponsored the cleaning of the square and the construction of a classical revival-style gazebo for public engagements, which officially opened the same year. The park was dedicated on June 18, 1909 to considerable aplomb with dedicatory address being made by the Mayor.</p><br>
<p>Wooldridge Park is the only one of the original public squares to have retained its original function; the other three underwent various uses over time, hosting parking lots, a fire station, a church, a museum, and businesses.</p><br>
<p>The view of the Texas State Capitol from Wooldridge Park is one of the Capitol View Corridors protected under state and local law from obstruction by tall buildings since 1983.</p><br>
<p>Parkside is a neighborhood that is located in the West Philadelphia section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History and notable features</h2><br>
<p>Much of the Parkside neighborhood was built during the 1876 Centennial Exhibition. It is a National Register of Historic Places Historic District with many examples of Victorian architecture, some well-preserved, others in poor condition. The neighborhood was populated by German Americans, followed by Eastern European Jews, before becoming heavily African American after World War II. (Directly after World War II it was home to many displaced persons from Eastern Europe, which included Latvians.)</p><br>
<p>In 2008, a shopping mall called the Park West Town Village Shopping Center was completed. Its anchor stores are Shop Rite, Lowes, McDonalds, and CW Price. It is located on North 52nd Street.</p><br>
<p>Parkside is the home of the Evans Recreation Center. In 2014, the Philly Pumptrack opened at Evans.</p><br>
<p>Parkside was the early home of gangsta rapper Schoolly D, and was referenced in his songs "PSK" (Park Side Killers) and "Parkside 5-2".</p><br>
<p>The Embassy Theatre is a performance theater located in the downtown mall of Cumberland, Maryland at 49 Baltimore St. The theater mounts live performances of classic theatre fare such as Kurt Weills Threepenny Opera and Kander and Ebbs Cabaret, as well as lesser-known work such as "The Mystery of Irma Vep" and "The Lady In Question," original works and local historical plays. Other entertainment presented at the theatre includes movies and musical concerts. Originally opened as a movie theater in 1931, it then became a curtain and drapery store, and finally was remodeled to a live performance theater and allied arts venue. Until December 2014, the theatre was operated as the New Embassy Theatre. Recently remodeled, it now operates as the Embassy Theatre.</p><br>
<p>The Embassy was designed by architects Hodgens and Hills in the Art Deco style. The building features prominent fluted pilasters, topped with finials illuminated with neon. The theater is a major contributing feature of the Downtown Cumberland Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Brizendine House is a historic home in downtown Austin, Texas, constructed circa 1870. The building is located at 507 W 11th Street and is today surrounded by an annex to the Travis County Courthouse and the Blackwell/Thurman Criminal Justice Center.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1974. It was designated a State Antiquities Landmark in 1981.</p><br>
<h2>Texas Historical Commission Marker Text</h2><br>
<p>This simple vernacular rough ashlar house represents the life style of the late 19th century working middle-class family in Austin, Texas. The exterior proportions of the structure reflect Victorian influence. Built of limestone about 1870 by John R. Brizendine (1829–1914), an Austin carpenter, machinist, and miller. Brizendine, a native of Kentucky, lived here until his death. Mrs. Elizabeth Gordon bought the home in 1928, and members of her family lived here until 1972. Recorded Texas Historic Landmark-1974</p><br>
<p>Elkhorn Tavern is a two-story, wood-frame structure that served as a physical center for the American Civil War Battle of Pea Ridge, also known as the Battle of Elkhorn Tavern, which was fought on March 7 and March 8, 1862, approximately five miles east of Pea Ridge, Arkansas, located in the northeastern Benton County, Arkansas. The tavern, a replica built in 1865 following the burning of the original building by bushwhackers, is now the centerpiece of the Pea Ridge National Military Park, which includes approximately 5,000 acre around the structure, including the restored battlefields, a stretch of the pre-war Telegraph Road, which runs directly in front of the tavern, and a section of the Trail of Tears. The tavern is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Before the war</h2><br>
<p>The first Elkhorn Tavern was built about 1833 by William Ruddick and his son-in-law Samuel Burks, and was first known as Ruddick Inn. It was from this tavern that the two families, between 1837 and 1839, watched a portion of the forced Indian migration across the northern course of the Trail of Tears. An early detachment of 336 Cherokees camped near Ruddick Inn on December 23, 1837. By 1839 more than 11,000 Indians had passed the tavern.</p><br>
<p>Following the deaths of William and Betsey Ruddick, Burks became sole proprietor in 1852. In 1858, he sold the house and the 313 acre to his cousins Jesse and Polly Cox for $3600. It was Cox who later renamed it Elkhorn Tavern. Under Cox&#39;s management, the structure served as a trading post, an unofficial Butterfield Overland Mail stop, post office, voting place, eating establishment, church of the Benton County Baptist Society, and inn. As the war moved near, Jesse Cox left the tavern to the care of his son and daughter-in-law Joseph and Lucinda Pratt Cox and went to Kansas.</p><br>
<h2>During the Battle of Elkhorn Tavern/Pea Ridge</h2><br>
<p>When the fighting around the tavern began, the Cox family (Joseph and Lucinda Cox, along with Josephs mother, Polly) did not leave their home. They grabbed only a few necessities for survival and retreated to the buildings cellar. The family remained in the cellar for three days and nights, March 7–9, 1862, as the battle was waged above them. The upper floors of the tavern served as a makeshift hospital for wounded troops, many undergoing surgery and amputations with no anesthetic, and for a short time served as Confederate General Earl Van Dorn&#39;s headquarters. The tavern was hit many times by gunfire during the battle, including a cannonball that tore through the second floor, but the building remained standing.</p><br>
<p>When the fighting finally subsided on March 9, 1862, the scene around the tavern was one of devastation, with the bodies of men and horses scattered across the battlefield and even the trees surrounding the property broken and scarred by the fighting.</p><br>
<h2>After the battle</h2><br>
<p>Following the battle, the Cox family temporarily moved a short distance from the tavern, in order to complete and repair the structure, and clean the surrounding area before moving back. It was during this absence that bushwhackers struck, burning the tavern to the ground in January 1863.</p><br>
<p>Since the original building&#39;s foundation and chimneys were still in good shape, the Cox family rebuilt on the original foundation and chimneys. The new building was completed in 1865.</p><br>
<h2>A National Park</h2><br>
<p>Elkhorn Tavern remained in the Cox family for nearly a century following the war, with Frances Cox Scot, who was born in the tavern in 1865, inheriting the building after the deaths of her father and mother, Joseph and Lucinda Cox, in 1903 and 1902 respectively. Scot lived and even ran a small Civil War museum in the tavern until 1959, when it was purchased to become part of the newly created Pea Ridge National Military Park. Following the sale, Scot moved to nearby Garfield, Arkansas and died the following year at the age of 95.</p><br>
<p>Once the property was purchased for the Pea Ridge National Military Park, the tavern was renovated to make it more closely resemble the structure from 1862. Today, Elkhorn Tavern is open to visitors from fall to spring, with costumed volunteers giving a lesson on the history and culture of the site and its former residents.</p><br>
<h2>The Elkhorn name</h2><br>
<p>The name for the tavern came from a carpenter who, on his way to the tavern, shot an elk about a quarter mile from the building. He removed the horns and gave them to Jesse Cox, who originally placed them on a pole, but later situated them on the roof ridge between the chimneys. An early set of elk antlers are on display inside the tavern building, though the park routinely replaces the set placed on the roof of the building when they become damaged by the weather or animals.</p><br>
<p>The Goodman Building is a late Victorian style historic commerce building in downtown Austin, Texas, United States. It was constructed as a grocery in the mid-1880s to serve Austinites northwest of the Texas State Capitol. Today it serves as a state government adjunct office. A local bar, "The Cloak Room", occupies the basement. It is located at 202 W. 13th Street. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Texas Historical Commission Marker Text</h2><br>
<p>Constructed in the 1880s for Joseph Goodman, grocer in this block 1877–1924. Jacob Bickler&#39;s German and English academy, elite preparatory school, was on upper floor 1892–1896. Building is noted for rare brick work, ornamental iron.</p><br>
<p>The Carrington–Covert House is a historic building in downtown Austin, Texas that serves as headquarters of the Texas Historical Commission. Built between 1855 and 1857, it is one of the few surviving pre-Civil War structures in the city.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. The Carrington–Covert House was turned over to the Texas Historical Commission to serve as the agency&#39;s headquarters in 1971, together with the nearby Gethsemane Lutheran Church.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction began in 1855 and was essentially complete when on July 7, 1857, the building contractor, John Brandon, settled his account with the owner, Leonidas Carrington. This was fewer than 20 years after Austin was founded.</p><br>
<p>The building has served many purposes. From 1857 to 1870 it was the residence of Leonidas D. Carrington, his wife Martha née Hickman Hill, and their five children. M.L. Hemphill bought the property in May 1870, and died five years later; apparently, his family continued living there until 1881. John Fields bought the house in 1881, but whether he ever resided there is not known.</p><br>
<p>Fields rented the house in 1893 to a charity sponsored by an Austin women&#39;s group, and from that time until 1898, it served as the "Texas Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital". The clinic operated "on the principle that two-thirds of its patients should be charity cases and the other third paying patients who contributed the funds for keeping the clinic in operation". From 1903 to 1936, the house was the residence of the Covert family, who opened the first car dealership in central Texas in 1909; in 2020 the dealership was still in business in Austin.</p><br>
<h2>Texas Historical Commission marker text</h2><br>
<p>Leonidas D. Carrington (1816–1897) and his wife, Martha Hill Carrington (1824–1859) came to Austin from Mississippi in 1852. He began to accumulate real estate, and on Sept. 15, 1853, bought this block from James M. W. Hall, Austin hotelman, and ten days later opened a mercantile store on Congress Avenue intersection with Pecan Street (now 6th Street). In 1856, Carrington hired John Brandon, a local architect-contractor, to build on this site a vernacular Greek revival home, constructed of rough limestone ashlar. The house was completed in the spring of 1857. The property was purchased by M. L. Hemphill in 1870 and by the John Fields family in 1881. Fields leased the building, 1893–1898, to the "Texas Eyes, Ear, and Throat Hospital," directed by Dr. Henry L. Hilgartner (1868–1937), and in 1903, sold this site to Frank M. Covert (1865–1938), the head of a prominent Austin family, who lived here until 1936. Subsequent owners rented the structure as a boarding house, residence, and nursery until it was purchased by the State of Texas in 1968. The Texas Historical Commission (THC) restored the house in 1972 after an archeological excavation by the Texas State Archeologist&#39;s Office, an adjunct of the THC. Recorded as a Texas Historic Landmark-1962</p><br>
